1865.] Report of the Archeological Survey. 227 
286. As this legend of Bakula is sufficient to prove that the fa- 
mous city of Kausimbi was situated on the Jumna, it now only re- 
mains to show that the distance of Kosam from Allahabad corresponds 
with that between Prayig and Kosimbi, as recorded by Hwen Thsang. 
Unfortunately this distance is differently stated in the life and in the 
travels of the Chinese pilgrim. In the former, the distance is given 
as 50 li, and in’ the latter as 500 i, whilst in the return journey to 
China, the pilgrim states that between Praydig and Kosaimbi he travel- 
led for seven days through a vast forest and over bare plains. Now, as 
the village of Kosam is only 31 miles from the fort of Allahabad, the 
last statement would seem to preclude all possibility of its identifica- 
tion with the ancient Kosimbi. But strange to say, it affords the 
most satisfactory proof of their identity ; for the subsequent route of the 
pilgrim to Sankissa is said to have occupied one month, and as the 
whole distance from Prayig to Sankissa is only 200 miles, the average 
length of the pilgrim’s daily march was not more than 5} miles. This 
slow progress is most satisfactorily accounted for, by the fact that the 
march from Prayég to Sankissa was a religious procession, headed by 
the great King Harsha Vardhana of Kanoj, with a train of no less 
than 18 tributary Kings, besides many thousands of Buddhist monks, 
and all the crowd of an Indian camp. According to this reckoning, 
the distance from Prayig to Kosambi would be 38 miles, which cor- 
responds very closely with the actual road distance as Ifound it. By 
one route on going to Kosam, I made the distance 37 miles, and by 
the return route 35 miles. The only probable explanation of Hwen 
Thsang’s varying distances of 50 li and 500 Ui that occurs to me is, 
that as he converted the Indian Yojanas into Chinese / at the rate of 
40 k per Yojana, or of 10 lv per kos, he must have written 150 li, 
the equivalent to 15 kos, which is the actual distance across the fields 
for foot passengers from Kosam to the fort of Allahabad, according to 
the reckoning of the people of Kosam itself. But whether this expla- 
nation be correct or not, it is quite certain that the present Kosam 
stands on the actual site of the ancient Kosdmbi ; for not only do the 
people themselves put forward this claim, but it is also distinctly 
stated in an inscription of the time of Akbar, which is recorded on the 
great stone pillar, still standing in the midst of the ruins, that this is 
Kausimbi pura. 
287. The present ruins of Kosimbi consist of an immense fortress 
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