232 Report of the Archeological Survey. [No. 4, 
to the sides of the pillar. The next inscription in point of time con- 
sists of six lines in characters of the 6th or 7th century. As this record 
is placed on the lower part of the shaft, from 3 to 4 feet beneath the 
present ground level, and as the lines are perpendicular to the sides of 
the shaft, I infer that at the time when it was inscribed, the pillar was 
still standing upright in its original position, and that the surrounding 
buildings were still in perfect order. This inference is fully borne out 
by Hwen Thsang’s account of the ancient palace of Udayana with its 
great Vihara, 60 feet in height, and its stone dome forming a canopy 
over the statue of Buddha, all of which would seem to have been in 
good order at the date of his visit, as he carefully mentions that the 
two different bath-houses of Buddha, as well as the dwelling house of 
Asanga Bodhisatwa were in ruins. Just above this inscription there 
are several records in the peculiar shell-shaped letters which James 
Prinsep noticed on the Allahabad pillar, and which I have found on 
most of the other pillars throughout northern India. The remaining 
inscriptions, which are comparatively modern, are all recorded on the 
upper part of the shaft. That of Akbar’s time, which has already 
been referred to, is in Nagari as follows :— 
Mogal Patisth Akbar Patiséh Gaji; or 
Mogal Padshah Akbar Padshéh Ghazi. 
This is followed by a short record of a sonz, or goldsmith, in three 
lines, below which isa long inscription dated in Samvat 1621, or 
A. D. 1564, in the early part of Alkbar’s reign, detailing the genealogy 
of a whole family of goldsmiths. It is in this inscription that the name 
of Kosdmbipura occurs, the founder of the family named Anand Ram 
Das, having died at Kosam. The monolith is called Rém-ka-charri, 
“‘ Ram’s walking stick,’ by some, and by others Bhim-sen-ka-Gada or 
“Bhim-sen’s club.” Inside the fort also, about midway between 
the two villages of Garhawa, I found a large lingam, bearing, four 
heads, with three eyes each, and with the hair massed on the top of 
each head. The discovery of this costly symbol of Mahadeva shows 
that the worship of Siva must have been firmly established at Kosambi 
at some former period; and as Hwen Thsang mentions the existence 
of no less than 50 heretical (that is Brahmanical) temples at the time of 
his visit, I think it probable that the large lingam may have a 
to one of those early temples. 
294, To the south-west of Kosambi, distant 8 or 9 I, or 14 wien 

