1865. ] Report of the Archeological Survey. 233 
Hwen Thsang describes a lofty stwpa of Asoka, 200 feet in height, 
and a stone cavern of a venomous dragon, in which it was devoutly 
believed that Buddha had left his shadow. But the truthful pilgrim 
candidly says that this shadow was not to be seen in his time. If 
Hwen Thsang’s south-west bearing is correct, the holy cave must have 
been carried away long ago by the encroachment of the Jumna, as the 
clear reach of the river above Kosambi, as far as the hill of Prabhasa, 
a distance of 4 miles, now bears 282° from the south-west of the old 
city, or 12° to the north of west. The hill of Prabhasa, which is on 
the left bank of the Jumna, is the only rock in the Antarved or Doab 
of the Ganges and Jumna. Ina hollow between its two peaks stands a 
modern Jain temple, but there is no cavern, and no trace of any 
ancient buildings. 
295. At ashort distance to the south-east of Kosambi, there was 
an ancient monastery containing a stwpa of Asoka, 200 feet in height, 
which was built on the spot where Buddha had explained the law for 
many years. Beside the monastery, a householder named Kiw-shi-lo, 
formerly had a garden. Fa Hian calls it the garden of Kiu-sse-lo ; but 
by the Buddhists of Ceylon it is called the Ghosika garden. M. Julien 
renders the name doubtfully by Goshira, but it appears to me that the 
true name was most probably the Sanskrit Gosirsha, and the Pali 
Gosisa, which I believe to be still preserved in Gopsahsa, the name of a 
small village close to Chota Garhawd. This name is now written 7174- 
Sat Gop-sahasa, but as the well known name of Janamejaya is written 
Sra Jag-medau, and also BHATT Jalmedar, by the half educated 
people of Kosam, I do not think that the slight difference of spelling 
between the ancient Gosisa and the present Gopsahasa, forms any very 
strong objection to their identification, more especially as the position 
of the Gosisa garden must have been as nearly as possible on the site of 
the Gopsahasa village. There are no ancient remains about this village ; 
nor indeed could we expect to find many traces of the garden. But in 
the neighbouring village of Kosam Khirdj, or Hisémdbdd, the vestiges 
of ancient occupation are found everywhere, and this village I believe 
to have been the site of the monastery with its lofty stupa of 200 feet, 
built by Asoka, and its smaller stwpa containing the hair and nails of 
Buddha. The position of this village, within one quarter ofa mile of 
the south-east corner of the ancient fort, agrees precisely with the site 
of the monastery as described by Hwen Thsang, “ @ wne petite distance 

