
1865.] Report of the Archeological Survey. 247 
century before Christ. I base this belief on the known fact that all 
the monuments of Asoka’s age, whether described by Hwen Thsang, 
or actually opened by myself near Bhilsa, are either of stone or brick. 
The earthen barrows are therefore of aff earlier age; but such as are 
Buddhist cannot possibly be earlier than the beginning of the fifth 
century before Christ. In the case of the Mani-Parbat at Ajudhya I 
infer that the earthen barrow, or lower portion, may belong to the 
earlier ages of Buddhism, and that the masonry or upper portion was 
added by Asoka. At the foot of the mound I picked up a broken 
brick with the letter sh, of the oldest form, stamped upon it; but as 
this is almost certainly of later date than Asoka, it most probably did 
not belong to the Mani-Parbat building. 
321. Hwen Thsang next describes the sites of the tooth-brush tree 
and of the monument where the four previous Buddhas used to sit and 
to take exercise, as being close to the great stwpa. These places I 
would identify with the court-yard containing the tombs of Seth and 
Job, which touches the south side of the Mani-Parbat. The two 
tombs I take to be the remains of the seats of the four previous Bud- 
dhas, and the paved court-yard to be the scene of their daily walks, 
although I was unable to trace their foot-marks, which were seen by 
the Chinese pilgrim. 
322. The last monument described by Hwen Thsang is a stupa 
containing the hair and nails of Buddha. This was surrounded by a 
number of smaller monuments which seemed to touch one another, 
and by several tanks which reflected the sacred buildings in their 
limpid waters. The stwpa I would identify with the Kuber-Parbat, 
which touches the south side of the enclosure round the tombs of Seth 
and Job, and is close to the west side of the ruined monastery. One 
of the tanks described by the pilgrim may be the Ganes-Kund, which 
has already been noticed; but all the smaller monuments have dis- 
appeared long ago, as they afforded cheap and ready materials for the 
construction of the numerous Muhammadan tombs, as well as of the 
neighbouring bridge and mosque. Ii I am right in my identification 
of this mound as the remains of the stwpa containing the hair and nails 
of Buddha, I think that an excavation in the centre of the mound 
might perhaps verily the aceuracy of my conclusions. 
823. The people are unanimous in their assertion that the old city 
