266 Report of the Archeological Survey. [No. 4, 
Unfortunately the doorway of the temple must have been towards the 
east, as there are traces of steps at several places down the slope of 
that side. There is an old well also amongst the trees on the east side 
of the mound, but I could find no traces of cloisters for the resident 
monks who ministered at the temple. The mound, however, is still 
surrounded by fine trees, and there are two small tanks at the very 
foot of it which would of course have been included within the limits 
of the monastery. 
350. The Stwpa mentioned by Hwen Thsang as belonging to the 
Purvvarama may perhaps be represented by a small ruined mound 
close to the north-east corner of the Ora-jhér. The mound is only 8 
feet high, but an excavation which I made to the depth of 11 feet, 
showed it to be made of solid bricks of large size, 12 by 9 by 3 inches. 
It is 40 feet in diameter, and when complete, with its pinnacle, it must 
have been about 50 or 60 feet in height. From its vicinity to the 
Purvvarama I have little doubt that this is the Stwpa which Visdékha 
built on the spot where Buddha had overcome the Brahmans in 
argument. 
351. The last place mentioned by the pilgrims is the spot where 
King Virudhaka halted with his army to converse with Buddha, and 
out of respect for the teacher gave up his expedition against the Sakyas, 
and returned to his Capital. Hwen Thsang states that this famous 
spot was close to the monastery of Visikha on the south side, while 
Fa Hian says that it was 4 /, or two-thirds of a mile, to the south- 
west of the city. The former is the more probable position, as it is 
to the south-east and on the high road to Kapilanagara, the capital 
of the Sakyas. Close by there was a Stwpa to ‘mark the spot where 
500 Sakya maidens were afterwards massacred by Virudhaka for refus- 
ing to enter his harem. Near the Stwpa there was a dry tank, or 
gulf, in which Virudhaka had been swallowed up. According to the 
legend, Buddha had predicted that Virudhaka would be destroyed 
by fire within seven days after the massacre. When the seventh day 
arrived, the King, accompanied by his women, proceeded gaily to a 
large tank, where he entered a boat, and was rowed to the middlé of 
the water. But flames burst forth from the waters and consumed the 
boat, and the earth opened beneath the tank, and Virudhaka “ fell 
alive into hell.” The only large piece of water that I could find is a 

