1865.] Notes to accompany a Geological map. 45 
4. Harder and greyer sandstone. The bed has been broken up 
and re-cemented by a coarser, more salt-and-pepper-like sand. The 
pieces of the original bed are seen sticking out at all angles like 
drifted ice. On the east side of the valley of Maidani, this breaking 
up is not observed. 
5. Conglomerate composed of yellow limestone pebbles cemented 
by a very hard calcareous cement. The cement appears first to have 
coated the pebbles with two or three coats of various shades of yellow 
or brown, like a calculus of the bladder. This bed is seen always 
(west of the Indus) on the top of the nummulitic or bottom of the 
miocene beds. It is striking in appearance, especially when polished 
by a running torrent. 
6. Flesh-coloured, hard, nummulitic limestone, weathering rough, 
pitted and grey. It contains a few nummulites of small size and a 
few small bivalves. 
7. Limestone, argillaceous and yellow ; it is arranged in concentric 
masses cemented by an earthy marly limestone. Both the rounded 
masses and the intervening earthy rocks are full of fossils ; 
N. Levigata and N. Pushi are abundant ; also a small flat species and 
two species extremely gibbose and always very abundant in muddy 
nummulitic limestone. Bivalves very numerous. Casts of Trochus 
very abundant. A large Spatanchus, 6 inches across, found here also. 
8. Limestone, glaring-white like chalk and not much harder than 
chalk. It contains the same fossils as the preceding layer, but no 
Spatanchus. It is of very: great thickness and forms a high white 
cliff facing the east and remarkable from a great distance. 
9. Slate in a state of decomposition. It is interbedded with 
limestone and occasionally contains small nummulites; but it is 
generally without fossils. ‘ 
10. Carbonaceous shale with beds of ‘‘ Rol” or alum shale and 
of lignite. The Rol and the lignite beds are generally in contact 
with the nummulitic limestone above. 
11. Shales of all colours, white, red, yellow, grey, olive, nearly 
black ; very calcareous, with thin beds of muddy limestone (very soft) 
containing debris of shells, rootlets and stems of plants. No 
nummulites in these beds. Some of these shales are a good fire-clay 
and are used to make crucibles, These shales are generally more or 
less wavy. 
