120 . Notes on Central Asia. [No. 3, 
which was under Russian protection, by making it conterminous with 
the peaceful frontier of China and the natural snowy mountain boun- 
dary. This well conceived plan was carried out with complete success. 
In 1853 the first Russian detachment, under the command of Colonel 
Gulkofski, was despatched beyond the Ili; it, however, met with 
serious opposition from a strong body of Kirghizes belonging to the 
hostile tribes of the great horde who supported themselves on Fort 
Trichubek on the river Kesen. But in the following year the whole 
of the region was occupied by a force under Lieut.-Colonel Peremy- 
shelski, who razed the Kirghiz fort to the ground; after this some 
of the tribes submitted to Russia, while the most inimical fled 
into Kokanian territory, and to the banks of the Talas and Syr- 
Darya. 
The Russian detachment passed the winter in the sheltered valley 
of the Talgar, and in the ensuing year of 1855, General Hasford 
founded Fort Vernoé, at the base of the Trans-Ili Alatau, at the 
head of the Almatynka valley, which is picturesquely wooded with 
apple and apricot trees. 
The occupation of the fertile Trans-Ili region, well adapted for 
agricultural and gardening purposes, and in all respects bountifully 
endowed by nature, had the effect of protecting the great Hordes from 
the attacks of the Buruts, but placed its nearest tribes in the same 
position as that occupied ten years previously by the Great Kirghiz 
Horde. The powerful and numerous tribe of the Bogus, who occupied 
the picturesque valleys and table-land between the Celestial mountains 
and the Trans-Ili Alatau, received neither countenance nor support 
from the Chinese, to whom they were nominally dependent, in resis- 
ting the fierce attacks of the Sary Bogish tribe; they had at the same 
time to repel, on another quarter, the depredatory incursions of some 
of their neighbours of the great horde. Consequently; soon after the 
occupation of the Trans-Ili region by the Russians, the High Manap 
of the Bogu tribe, the old Burambai, claimed the assistance of General 
Hasford against the attacks of the neighbouring tribes, and volun- 
tarily tendered the submission of himself and his tribe to the Russian 
government. This led to the despatch of the first Russian detachment 
from Vernoé to lake Issyk-Kul, for the purpose of pacifying the two 
contending tribes, and making a reconnaissance of the hitherto unex- 

