KIDD'S LONDON JOUKNAL. 



183 



diminishes before the sight; while the taste al- 

 most always remains unimpaired. Hence results 

 the proof of the existence of the senses by them- 

 selves, and of their independence, which no one 

 doubts. Has any one ever drawn the conclusion, 

 that the mind ought to be material or mortal, 

 from the essential difference of the senses? Is 

 the mind which sees, different from the mind 

 that hears? I extend the comparison a little 

 farther : he is mistaken, who thinks that the eye 

 sees, that the ear hears, &c.; — each external 

 organ of sense is in communication by nerves 

 with the brain; and at the commencement of 

 the nerves, is a proportionable mass of brain 

 which constitutes the true internal organ of each 

 sensitive function. Consequently, the eye may 

 be never so sound, the optic nerve may be never 

 so perfect, and yet, if the internal organ is im- 

 paired or destroyed, the eye and the optic nerves 

 are of no avail. The external instruments of 

 sense have, consequently, their organs also in 

 the brain, and these external instruments are 

 only the means by which the internal organs are 

 put in relation with external objects : it is for 

 these reasons, that it never entered the head of 

 Boe'rhaave, nor of Haller, nor of Mayer, nor 

 even of Lavater, who seeks for the qualities of 

 mind in the head, and of character in the body, 

 that anything could be inferred against the 

 doctrine of the immateriality and immortality of 

 the soul, from the difference and independence 

 of the faculties and propensities, and of their 

 internal organs. The same mind which sees 

 through the organ of sight, and which smells 

 through the olfactory organ, learns by heart 

 through the organ of memory, and does good 

 through the organ of benevolence. It is the 

 same spring which puts in motion fewer wheels 

 for you, and more for me. In this way, the ge- 

 neral functions of the brain are established.* 



I now proceed to prove, that we can establish 

 the assistance and the relation of many faculties 

 and propensities, by the formation of the cere- 

 bral development. By which means will be 

 demonstrated, at once, the functions of' the dif- 

 ferent cerebral parts. 



V. Of the Distribution of the different Organs 

 and their various Development, arising from 

 different forms of the Brain. 



Among the proofs in support of this principle, 

 I point out the differences of conformation 

 between carnivorous, frugivorous, and omnivo- 

 rous animals. Then I show the cause of the 

 difference between different species of animals, 

 also the cause of accidental differences of species 

 and individuals. 



* If any of our readers have the pleasure of personally 

 knowing Dr. Elliotson, the most eminent and skilful 

 physician of modern times, let them hear him speak on 

 " Phrenology " and the organisation of the human brain 

 His devotion to science, properly so called, and the admil 

 rable manner in which he resolves and explains the funda- 

 mental laws of Nature, place him on an eminence that 

 very few, if any of his brethren, can ever hope to reach 

 His abilities, and his researches into truth (the results 

 of which he has not hesitated to make publicly known) 

 have naturally procured him many enemies ; but their 

 ignorance only serves to augment his triumph.— 

 Ed. K. J. 



VI. From the Totality and the Development of 

 Determinate Organs, results a Determinate 

 Form, either of the whole Brain, or of its Parts 

 as separate regions. 



Here I take the opportunity to show, that an 

 organ is the more active, the more it is deve- 

 loped, without denying other exciting causes of 

 its activity. But how is all this to lead us to a 

 knowledge of the different faculties and the 

 different propensities, by the formation of the 

 skull? Is then the form of the skull moulded 

 upon that of the brain? 



VII. From the Formation of the Bones of the 

 Head, until the most advanced period of life, 

 the form of the internal surface of the Skull is 

 determined by the external form of the Brain : 

 we can then be certain of the existence of some 

 Faculties and Propensities, while the external 

 surface of the Skull agrees with its internal sur- 

 face, or so long as the variation is confined to 

 certain known limits. 



Here I explain the formation of the bones of 

 the head, and I prove that, from the moment of 

 birth, they receive their form from the brain. 

 I speak afterwards of the influence of other 

 causes upon the conformation of the head; among 

 which causes we may rank continual or repeated 

 violence. I show that the organs develop 

 themselves, from the earliest infancy, until their 

 final completion, in the same proportion, and 

 the same order, as the manifestation of the 

 faculties and natural propensities. I show, 

 besides, that the bones of the head take on their 

 different forms in the same proportion, and in 

 the same order. I show finally, the gradual 

 diminution of our faculties, by the diminution of 

 the corresponding organs, and how nature depo- 

 sits in the vacant spaces new portions of bony 

 matter. All these things were heretofore un- 

 known in the doctrine of the bones of the head. 

 By these, is the first step taken for the determi- 

 nation of the particular functions of the different 

 parts of the Brain. 



Part II, 



Application of general principles. 



Establishment and determination of the Faculties 



and Propensities existing of themselves. 



As I suppose a particular organ for each one 

 of our independent qualities, we have only to 

 establish what are the independent qualities, in 

 order to know what are the organs which we 

 may hope to discover. For many years I met 

 great difficulties in this research, and at last I 

 am convinced that, as in everything else, we 

 take the nearest and surest road if we lay aside 

 our artificial logic, and allow ourselves to 

 be guided by facts. I make known to my 

 readers some of the difficulties which it was 

 necessary to surmount. They may solve them, 

 if they have more penetration than I have. 

 {To be continued Weekly). 



True Happiness.— That state of life is most 

 happy, wherein Superfluities are not required, and 

 Necessaries are not wanting. 



