Chalk and Flint Formation. 11 



which speak distinctly of the land, and therefore 

 point to some origin which will equally apply to both. 



Now I am prepared to show many objects of the 

 dry land in flint, which could not have been formed 

 under water, and which appear to me unquestionable, 

 especially when viewed in their combined evidence. 

 These consist of portions of decayed tree roots in 

 flint, with the bark in parts covering places where 

 the wood had fallen away, and showing also the 

 rotten forms of the decayed interior. Portions also 

 of other and larger trees from the chalk district of 

 Yorkshire, in a different condition, showing indi- 

 cations of the rings of growth near the bark, and in 

 an example which can be produced the veining of 

 the interior wood. Together with these there are 

 portions of dry hollow stalks of cabbage or similar 

 plants ; also pods of beans, or other leguminous 

 vegetables, all of flint ; portions of nuts or almond 

 shells, in flint or flinty chalk; fruits of the fig or 

 pear; gourds, or other vegetable fruits, with the 

 attachment clearly shown ; roots of the turnip, or 

 analogous vegetables ; portions of others of these in 

 which the interior had been wholly or almost wholly 

 eaten out by worms, and had become filled with soil, 

 while the entrance hole of the worm or insect is 

 traceable ; small bulbous roots ; together with 

 spreading and jointed roots, which m'ght be some- 

 thing of the amomus tribe to which ginger belongs ; 

 and specimens of fungus, all of flint. I am prepared 

 to submit specimens of these to careful inspection. 



In chalk also objects may be occasionally found 

 which are not marine ; though, in those portions 

 which were submerged under the sea, they will not 

 of course be so much expected. I have found the 

 wing of an insect in chalk, which showed that that 



