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8 ORIGIN OF SPECIES. 
bird. Next in succession came the brain that ave- 
rages as four to one—it is that of the mammal ; and 
last of all these appeared a brain that averages as 
twenty-three to one—reasoning, calculating man has 
come upon the scene.” (‘‘Footprints of the Creator,” 
283.) 
Second, The evidence derived from Paleontology 
shows the animal. kingdom wonderfully linked to- 
gether in its gradations from the lowest forms of life 
up toman. It is not pretended that every link in 
the vast chain has been discovered, but enough is 
known to establish a general rule. | 
First appear traces of infusoria ; then polypia- 
ria, crinoidea, and some humble forms of the artic- 
ulata and molusca, ages before there were any higher 
types of being. The lowest fishes partake of the 
‘character of the lower sub-kingdom of the articulata. 
‘““As the Onchus of the Ludlow rocks, announced, 
as it were the dawn of vertebrate life, and foreshad- 
owed also, others of its class that were to follow, so 
the Halopticus, and others of the old red sandstone, 
in turn pointed forward to the Reptilian class. (Mc- 
Cosh, Typ. Forms, 328.) 
The Amphybia seems to connect life in the water 
with that of the land. Reptiles advance from fishes, 
and birds trom reptiles. The hyncosaurus has the 
body of a reptile, with the beak and feet of a bird, 
and is the link between reptiles and and _ birds.— 
Birds of the ostrich tribe, (Struthionide) especially: 
