INTRO DU CTION. XXV 



human virtues ( l ), viz., Li ( 2 ), the ceremonies, usages, and everyfching which is comprised in 

 what we call politeness. The I ( 3 ), viz., that duty which makes us give to each what is his 

 due, propriety, justice. The Lian ( 4 ), disinterestedness , doing nothing which could be detrimen- 

 tal to others; and the CM ( 5 ) or Shame, the fear of infamy attached to a bad action. ( 6 ) 



We have still a few words to say concerning the numbers 6 and 8, before we pass to 

 the high symbolical number 9. 



The Chinese of antiquity had six venerable Ones ( 7 ), who were genii presiding over the 

 four seasons, the temperature, the sun, the moon, the planets and stars, and the earth ( 8 ). 

 Six are the liberal arts, viz., Etiquette, Music, Archery, Chariotteering, "Writing and Arith- 

 metic ( 9 ), called the Luh-i. ( 10 ) There are 6 departments or ministeries in Peking, called the 

 LtiMpo. ( u ) At the time of Ll-wang the magnates had six sorts of chariots, dresses etc, as 

 the princes had seven sorts of each. ( 12 ) So the Chinese count, also, six elements or depart- 

 ments, viz., fire, water, metal, wood, earth and grains ( 13 ) ; and six kinds of sacrificial animals , 

 viz., the horse, oxen, sheep, fowls, dogs and swine, called the Luh-chuh. ( u ) 



Six kinds of grain, viz: Paddy, barbadoes, pulse, wheat, millet, and panicled millet, cal- 

 led the Luh-huh. ( 15 ) 



Six is also the symbol of Earth in the eight diagram, being represented by six broken lines 

 Hl = whilst Heaven is represented by six entire lines =êëë^ . which bear, each, the name 

 of the number 9. 



The Emperor CM ( 16 ) used the number 6 very extensively. He gave order to compose a 

 sextile arithmetic, which was used in Astronomy for the periodic revolutions of the stars and 

 seasons; in Greography, for the itinerary measures, the position and reciprocal distance of 

 places; inGeometry, for the land-survey; in Music, for the great ceremonies; in Commerce and 

 Arts, for the different measures of dimension and weight. He determined that 6 inches should 

 be the measure of the foot, and 6 feet the geometrie pace. His own chariot was 6 feet long, 

 drawn by six horses. His cap, which he wore when sitting on his throne, was 6 inches 

 high. The product of 6 multiplied by itself was the dividing number of the Empire, which 

 he proposed himself to visit in periods divided by six. ( 17 ) 



( ! ) 16 ( 2 ) /Il ( 3 ) Wt ^ B 



( 5 ) fl& ( 6 ) Mémoires c. 1. Chinois, II, 176—177. ( 7 ) ^ ^ 



c 8 ) b*. * =f. 0. M. S JÊf. * ¥ 



< 9 ) m. * ut w 9 Wc ( io ) ^ b ( n ) a m 



( 12 ) Lacharme, Shi-king, Pars I, Cap. 10, ode 9, at the note. ( 13 ) ^ Jfrf ? See the Shu-kiiu 



(W) -J^ ^ ? See the Trimetrical classic (=£ ±p JJg), 



<"># £ M & Wr ft. * Wi < l6 > *& M. #i"« l 



(17) Mémoires III, 234—235. 



1) 



