102 TELEOSTEI. ACANTHOPTEETGII. 



D. 8 I 1/12-13. Free pectoral rays not 



extending beyond anal ............ 2. P. heptadactylm, p. 103. 



B. Six free pectoral rays. 1 , 



a. Silvery, no air-bladder .............. 3. P. xanthonemus, p. 103. 



b. Golden, an air-bladder. 



Free rays do not extend beyond ventrals. 4. P. sextanus, p. 1U4. 

 Free rays extend beyond ventrals ...... 5. P. se.rjihs, p. lOo. 



C. Five free pectoral rays. 



L. 1. 70-75. Second dorsal as high as 



alia l ............................ 0. P. indicus, p. 105. 



L. 1. 60-65. Second dorsal higher than 



anal ............................ 7. P. pkbems, p. 106. 



1). Four free pectoral rays ................ 8. P. tctradactylus, p. lOb. 



851. (1.) Polynenras paradiseus. 



Polynemus paradiseus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 522 ; Day, fish. India, 



p. 170, pi. xlii, tig. 4 (see syiion.). 

 Tupsee muchee, Beng. ; Nya-poongna, Burui., Manyoe fish. 



D.7 | l/15-16.P.15 + vii.A.2/12.L.1.70.L.tr.5/14.C.pyl.5(10). 



Length of head 6 to 6|, height of body 6 to 6| in the total 

 length. Eyes minute in the young, in the adult diameter 8 in 

 length of head, 2 diam. from end of snout, and 3 apart. The 

 maxilla extends upwards of two diameters behind posterior edge of 

 orbit. Preopercle serrated and having a soft, produced, and 

 rounded angle ; the other opercles entire. A small spine on the 

 shoulder. Fins spines of first dorsal weak, the second slightly 

 the longest ; first ray of second dorsal equals in length the base of 

 the fin, which is highest anteriorly, its upper edge concave. Pec- 

 toral rays undivided ; the fin has seven free rays below its base, the 

 three superior being the longest, strongest, and about twice the 

 length of the fish. Aual commencing under second dorsal and of 

 the same height, its lower edge emarginate. Caudal deeply forked, 

 upper lobe the longer. Lateral line forms a gradual curve, and 

 becomes lost at the centre of the base of the caudal fin. Air- 

 bladder absent. Colour generally golden, with a shade of grey 

 along the back ; dorsal fins also stained greyish with a slight tinge 

 of the same shade, so are also the caudal, the pectoral, and upper 

 pectoral appendages. 



Eiu-haiian observed : " Those who officiate in the temple of Sib 

 are called Tapasi in the vulgar dialect, and Tapasivi in Sang- 

 skritta, that is to say penitents. They ought not to shave, on 

 which account a fish called Manyoe fish 'by the English of Calcutta, 

 which has long fibres proceeding from near its head, is called by the 

 same name." 



llab. Indian seas, Bay of Bengal at least as low as Caconada, 

 also along the coasts of Burma to the Malay Archipelago, entering 

 rivers for spawning-purposes, and generally during the S.W. 

 monsoon and the cold months. This species is considered a great 



