THE GRASSHOPPER'S COUSINS 



lapping bases ot the front wings, or tegmina. On this 

 account the front wings of the males are always different 

 from those of the females, the latter retaining the usual or 

 primitive structure. The right wing of a female in one of 

 the more grasshopperlike species, Orchelimum laticauda 

 (Fig. 30), is shown at C of Figure 18. The wing is trav- 

 ersed by four principal veins springing from the base. 

 The one nearest the inner 

 edge is called the cubitus ^~ 

 {Cu) and the space be- 

 tween it and this margin 

 of the wing is filled with 

 a network of small veins 

 having no particular ar- 

 rangement. In the wings 

 of the male, however, 

 shown at A of the same 

 figure, this inner basal 

 field is much enlarged 

 and consists of a thin, 

 crisp membrane (Tm), 

 braced by a number of 

 veins branching from the 

 cubitus (Cu). One of 

 these ifv), running cross- 

 wise through the mem- 

 brane, is very thick on 

 the left wing, and when 

 the wing is turned over 

 (B) it is seen to have a 

 close series of small cross- 

 ridges on its under sur- 

 face which convert it into 



a veritable file (/). On the right wing this same vein is 

 much more slender and its file is very weak, but on the 

 basal angle of this wing there is a stiff ridge (s) not de- 

 veloped on the other. The katydids always fold the 



Fig. 19. Wings, sound-making organs, 

 and the "ears" of a conehead grasshopper, 

 Neoconocephalus ensiger, a member of the 



katydid family 

 A, B, right and left wings, showing the 

 scraper {s) on the right, and the file vein 

 (/») on the left. C, under surface of the 

 file vein, showing the file (/). D, front 

 leg, showing slits (e) on the tibia opening 

 into pockets containing the hearing 

 organs (fig. 20 A) 



35 



