TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 



hiscent (Chestnut, Hickory-nut) j if uot,indehiscent (Black 

 Walnut). 



Dry fruits with spreading, wing-like appendages, as in 

 the Ash (Fig. 11), Maple (Fig. 12), Elm 

 (Fig. 13), and Ailanthus, are called sa- 

 maras or keys. 



Dry fruits, usually elongated, contain- 

 ing generally several seeds, are called 

 Pd s - If there is but one cell and the 

 seeds are fastened along one side, Pea- 

 like pods, or legumes. Locust. The term 

 Fig. 12. capsule indicates that there is more than 



one cell. Catalpa, Hibiscus. 



All the dry, scaly fruits, usually formed by the ripening 

 of some sort of catkin of flowers, will be included under 

 the term cone. Pine, Alder, A Magnolia. If the appear- 

 ance of the fruit is not much different from that of 

 the cluster of flowers, as I in the Hornbeams, Wil- 

 lows, and Birches, the term catkin will be retained for the 

 fruit also. The scales of a cone 

 may lap over each other ; they are 

 then said to be imbricated or over- 

 lapping, gjjj&JPuie) ; or they may 

 merely ^j$$P touch at their 

 edges, when they are valrate 

 (Cypress). When cones or 

 catkins hang do wnward,they 

 are pendent. If the scales have 

 projecting points, these points are 

 spines if strong, and prickles if 

 weak. The parts back of the scales 

 are bracts; these often project 

 beyond the scales, when they are said to be exserted. 

 Sometimes the exserted bracts are bent backward; 

 they are then said to be recurved or reflexed. 



