156 



TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 



11. Qu6rcus rubra, L. (RED OAK.) 

 Leaves rather thin, smooth, oblong, 

 moderately pinnatifid, sometimes deep- 

 ly so, into 8 to 12 entire or sharply 

 toothed lobes, turning dark red after 

 frost. Acorn oblong-ovoid, 1 in. or less 

 long, set in a shallow cup of fine scales, 

 with a narrow raised border, % to 1 in. 

 in diameter; sessile or nearly so. A 

 O. rubra. large tree, 60 to 90 ft. high, with red- 



dish, very coarse-grained wood. Common throughout. 



12. Q,u6rcus coccinea,Wang. (SCAR- 

 LET OAK.) Leaves, in the ordinary form 

 on large trees, bright green, shining 

 above, turning red in autumn, oval or 

 oblong, deeply pinnatifid, the 6 to 8 

 lobes divergent and sparingly cut- 

 toothed, notches rounded. Acorn V 2 to 

 % in. long, roundish,depressed, one half 

 or a little more inclosed in a top-shaped, 

 coarsely scaled cup ; in the axils of the 

 leaf-scars of the preceding year. A 

 large handsome tree, 60 to 80 ft. high, 

 with grayish bark not deeply furrowed, a <=occinea. 



interior reddish ; coarse-grained reddish 

 wood. Moist or dry soil. Common. 



Var. tinctoria. (Quercitron. Yellow- 

 barked or Black Oak.) Leaves, espe- 

 cially on young trees, often less deeply 

 pinnatifid, sometimes barely sinuate. 

 Foliage much like that of Quercus rubra. 

 Acorn nearly round, y z to % in. long, 

 set in a rather deep, conspicuously scaly 

 cup. Bark of trunk thicker, rougher, 

 darker-colored and with the inner color 

 orange. Rich and 

 poor soil. Abundant 

 east, but rare west. 



Var. tinctdria. 



13. Qu6rcus palfistris, Du Roi. (SWAMP, 

 SPANISH, OR PIN OAK.) Leaves oblong, deeply 

 pinnatifid, with divergent, sharply toothed, 

 bristle-tipped lobes and rounded notches, 



ft. palustrls. 



