166 



TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 



or reddish. Catkins cylindric, with leafy bracts at base, and ap- 

 parently 1 stamen to each flower (the filaments are united). A 

 shrub or small tree, 3 to 12 ft. high ; from Europe. In low ground ; 

 often cultivated for the twigs, which are used in basket-making. 



10. Salix caprea, L. (GOAT- WILLOW. ) 

 Leaves large, roundish, ovate, pointed, ser- 

 rate, wavy, deep green above, pale and 

 downy with soft, white-cottony hairs be- 

 neath; stipules somewhat crescent-shaped. 

 Catkins large, oval, numerous, almost ses- 

 sile, blooming much before the leaves appear, 

 and of a showy yellow color. A moderate- 

 sized tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, with spreading, 

 brown or purplish branches. Frequent in cultivation; from Europe ; 

 growing well in dry places. The Goat-willow is the one generally used 

 for the stock of the artificial umbrella-formed " Kilmarnock Willow." 

 The growth of shoots from these stoeks is rendering the Goat-wil- 

 low quite common. 



11. Salix rostrata, Richards. (BEAKED 

 WILLOW.) Leaves oblong to obovate-lan- 

 ceolate, acute, usually obscurely toothed, 

 sometimes crenate or serrate, downy 

 above, prominently veined, soft-hairy 

 and somewhat glaucous beneath. Twigs 

 downy. Catkins appearing with the 

 leaves. Fruit-capsules tapering to a long 

 slender beak, pedicels long and slender. 8 - ^strata. 



A small, tree-shaped shrub, 4 to 15 ft. high, common in both moist 

 and dry ground. New England, west and north. 



12. Salix discolor, Mtihl. (GLAUCOUS 

 OR BOG WILLOW.) Leaves lanceolate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, remotely serrate 

 at the base, finely serrate along the middle, 

 and almost entire near the tip ; smooth 

 and bright green above, soon smooth and 

 somewhat glaucous beneath ; stipules, on 

 the vigorous shoots, equaling the petiole, 

 more frequently small and inconspicuous. 

 Catkins sessile, 1 in. long, appearing before 

 the leaves in the spring; scales dark red 

 or brown, becoming black, covered with 

 long glossy hairs. Fruit in catkins, 2J< in. 



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