184 



TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 



ored, with mucronate-pointed bracts 

 extending beyond the scales and not 

 reflexed. Wild in cold, wet grounds ; 

 20 to 45 ft. high, with numerous hori- 

 zontal branches. Has been cultivated 

 quite extensively, although there are 

 better Firs for ornamental purposes. 



2. Abies Fraseri, Lindl. (ERASER'S 

 OR SOUTHERN BALSAM-FIR.) Leaves y z 

 to % in. long, somewhat 2-ranked, lin- 

 ear, flattened, obtuse, emarginate, 

 whitish beneath, the lower 6nes curved 

 and the upper ones erect. Cones ob- 

 long, 1 to 2 in. long, with sharp-pointed 

 bracts half exserted and reflexed. A 

 rare, small tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, grow- 

 ing wild in the mountains, from Vir- 

 ginia south. A hardy tree and hand- 

 some when young. 



3. Abies Nordmanniana, Link. 



(NORDMANN'S SILVER FIR.) Leaves 



very numerous, crowded, broad, lin- 

 ear, blunt or erose-dentate at the 



ends, somewhat curved, of unequal 



length, 1 in. or less long, deep green 



above and whitened beneath. Cones 



large, 5 in. long, ovate, erect, with very 



obtuse scales ; bracts exserted and re- A. Nordmanni&na. 



curved. A beautiful Jarge 

 tree, 50 to 80 ft. high, occa- 

 sionally cultivated ; with nu- 

 merous horizontal brunches 

 and smooth bark. 



4. Abies firma, S. and 

 Z. (JAPAN SILVER FIR.) 

 Leaves % to 1 in. long, very 

 closely 2-ranked, slightly 

 twisted, linear, somewhat 

 notched at the end, smooth 

 and dark above, somewhat 

 silvery below. Cones 3 to 

 4j in. long, 1 to \\ in. 



