262 ICE-MARKS AND ANCIENT GLACIERS 
Moraines are formed of the debris or loose refuse mat- 
ter accumulated either upon the surface, or crowded be- 
neath the ice. The material derived from the latter 
source forms masses of clay, sand, and rounded stones, 
the latter of which are often found to be striated on one 
or more of the sides, like the surface of the solid rock 
beneath. On the top of the glacier rest long rows or 
trains of more angular blocks which have fallen from the 
cliffs above. These windrows of stones are called “lateral 
moraines,” because they are found on each side of the 
glacier. When such a glacier melts away, a great semi- 
circular heap or hillock of ee and dirt forms what is 
called a “terminal moraine.” We would naturally ex- 
pect to find the finer, clayey portions with rounded 
stones, grooved and scratched pebbles, and boulders 
at the bottom of the rude mass, while the more angular 
stones would remain upon the top. From the melting of 
the ice arise rivers whose turbid and swollen waters rus 
out from beneath the end of the glacier, and further aid 
in rounding the stones. Such torrential streams are the 
sources of the Aar, a branch of the Rhine, of the Rhone, 
and of other rivers which spring out from under the gla- 
ciers of the Alps and of Norway. 
Our route to the mountains lay up the valley of the 
Ossipee River, in which Ossipee Lake, Six Mile Pond, 
and numerous other ponds lie. Looking from the village 
of Ossipee up the broad valley at the head of which 
rises the majestic Chicorua, and beholding on all sides 
lateral moraines thrown up in hillocks of partially strat- 
ified gravel and pebbles, and the beautiful glacial lakes 
-embosomed in the gently swelling hills of this delightful 
valley, it was not difficult to imagine that old Chicorua, in 
former times, shook off from its icy dome streams of ice 
