406 AGENCY OF INSECTS IN FERTILIZING PLANTS. 
Imagine a head of barley much lengthened and split 
in two down the middle, and you have a good represen- 
tation of the stigmas of a Dandelion. When the tips of 
these are just above the apex of the anthers, the pollen is 
discharged and carried up on the hairs by the style which 
grows very rapidly at this time. 
e stigmas are closely pressed together until clear 
above the anthers, when they begin to spread and roll- 
back, exposing the inside surface which alone is sensi- 
tive to the action of the pollen. Several kinds of bees, 
flies, and smaller insects visit these flowers and brush the 
pollen off the outside of the style, and leave some on the 
inside surface where it can take effect. Were it intended 
for close, self-fertilization, as a superficial examination 
would seem to indicate, the style should be shorter, and 
the stigmas a little separated, so that pollen would meet 
the proper surface before the stigmas leave the surround- 
ing anthers. Or else the surface, which is sensitive 
to pollen, should be on the outside instead of on the in- 
side. 
I have examined Coreopsis, Fall Dandelion (Leonto- 
don), and Succory, and Taany more of this vast family, 
which showed these same peculiarities mentioned above. 
In Sweet Coltsfoot (ardosmia), a rare plant of this 
order growing north of this latitude, some of the little 
flowers are sterile, i. e., the imperfect pistil bears no 
seed, but the top of the style has a tuft of little hairs 
which push up the pollen from the anther-tube that it 
may reach the stigmas of other flowers, and so not be en- 
tirely lost. 
At the suggestion of Dr. Gray I examined some half a 
dozen or more species of Bellflower, or Campanula. The 
one most carefully noticed was Campanula rapunculoides. 
