548 REVIEWS. 
the sea-level comprise comparatively few species, and but little of the 
peculiar vegetation. The high and dry mountain tracts, above 4,000 
or 4,500 feet, are very distinct in their character and vegetation from 
either of the regions below. The highest lava summits are nearly 
destitute of vegetation. 
There appear to be about seven hundred nae of Flowering Plants, 
Ferns, and Club-mosses (including the fifty Grasses, which are not 
yet worked up, being still in the hands of Beadle Munro), indigenous 
or well-established in the islands,—a large portion of which (nearly 
two-thirds) are quite peculiar to them. The Lichens are catalogued 
y Professor E. Tuckerman, who states that ‘ta large proportion of 
our knowledge, especially in the crustaceous groups [comprising those 
forms which grow closeiy, adhering to rocks or the bark of trees, and 
cannot be removed without crumbling up] is due entirely to his [Mr. 
Mann’s] researches, directed, as they were, by previous study of North 
American Lichens.” 
MANUAL or THE BOTANY or THE NORTHERN ecr STATES; IN- 
CLUDING THE DISTRICT EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND NORTH OF 
NorTH CAROLINA AND TENNESSEE. Arranged endi to the 
Natural zen By Asa Gray, Fisher Professor of Natural His- 
tory in Harvard University. Fifth Edition. With twenty-five 
plates, illustrating the Sedges, Grasses, A &c. New York: 
Ivison, Phinney, gee man, & Co. Chicago: S.C: eee te 
1867. pp. 701. Fi including the Mosses and ei nor the 
“Garden Botany 
It must be yrtti to all ih of Botany that the science is so 
widely studied as to warrant a new edition of Dr. Gray’s Manual; and 
it is no less gratifying to konat, that it makes its fifth appearance. 
in public in such an elegant form. It is brought up to the latest and 
iglrest knowledge of the day, and its comprehensiveness, accuracy, 
clearness, and simplicity, its abundant synopses and analyses. its ad- 
mirable plates, and its clear and well-contrasted type, make it alto- 
get i2r a most important acquisition to our botanical literature. 
With this volume in hand, one can travel from Maine to Virginia on 
the coast, and westward to the Mississippi, and find therein lucid and 
ample descriptions of all the flowering plants he may meet in that ex- 
tensive area. Everything in the way of botanical discovery in this 
T country has focussed upon Dr. Gray’ s table; and the result is, that his 
new A a is not a mere reprint, but a rewriting of the whole work, 
with important and ane aie changes. The nomenclature of our 
Flora has suffered much syne and now this last publication pa 
us alterations. Dr. Gray has, with a ¢ 
