THE INSECTS OF ANCIENT AMERICA. 627 
do-neuroptera—classed by some naturalists with Orthop- 
tera—the pups are active and are provided with rudi- 
mentary wings; otherwise they differ but little from the 
larvæ: among them are the Termitina (white ants), Pso- 
cina, Perlina, Ephemerina (May-flies), and Odonata 
(Dragon-flies). Had these insects of former days active 
or inactive pups ? 
Two other remains were found in these iron-stone con- 
cretions; they appear to me to be those of worms, but 
naturalists have described one form as a centipede, the 
other as a caterpillar of a moth; the caterpillar was re- 
ferred to the family of Arctians, to which our woolly 
caterpillars belong. The last, if true, would be a most 
interesting discovery ; for in Europe only one moth, and 
that of the lowest family, the Tineids (of which the 
` elothes-moth is a member), has been found as low down 
as the Jurassic period. 
Dr. Dawson, of Montreal, has been quite fortunate in 
discovering various kinds of insects in the coal-beds of 
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; traces of the mining 
of larvæ were found on the leaf of a fossil fern, and this 
was the more remarkable because ferns in our day are 
peculiarly exempt from attack by mining insects. Among 
the fossil remains were numerous fragments of Myria- 
pods, which had secreted themselves in the trunks of 
decayed trees ; coprolites of the reptiles which had sought 
shelter in the hollow trunks proved that the animals fed 
partially, at least, upon insects, —they were filled with 
comminuted fragments of the bodies and limbs of Orthop- 
tera and Neuroptera of large size, and, in one instance, 
Dr. Dawson found the eye of a dragon-fly. 
Professor Marsh, of New Haven, has also obtained an 
insect’s wing at the Joggins in Nova Scotia; he thought 
