632 THE HAND AS AN UNRULY MEMBER. 
“2. In each bone of the leg we find characters which 
belong, partly to the ulna, and partly to the radius.” 
The practical result of this view is to cut the two bones 
across the middle, and reunite the upper half of the one 
Fig. 1. with the lower half of the other ; a convenient 
and ingenious, but unjustifiable mode of pro- 
cedure. 
Torsion. This last of the three principal 
theories adopted, or rather invented, in sup- 
port of the idea of parallelism, was first pro- 
posed by Maclise, in 1849. Like all the rest, 
he assumes that the thumb corresponds with 
the great toe; that the hand points forward 
like the foot, and that the limbs are, or ought 
to be, parallel: but he saw that his prede- 
cessors had been unable to fulfil these three 
conditions without pronating the hand, and 
so crossing the radius upon the ulna, which 
crossing he could not reconcile with the fact, 
that the corresponding bones in the leg (Plate 
12, fig. 1)* were parallel with each other. 
oy, He then perceives that the front of the fore- 
j ri Q arm really corresponds with the back of the 
PUIU \ leg, and vice versa; whereas, according to the 
idea of parallelism, the front of the one ought 
to correspond with the front of the other, as 
7 - believed by Owen and Flourens. To recon- 
cile this new fact with the old theories, he reminds us 
that “anatomists have long since remarked upon the sin- 
gular twisted form of the humerus,” and then says, “this 
Mactse ana artas. Ehe bend bts elbow a Ueousht tote feat ana the IWO 
of the forearm is in the effort to br ring corresp pense. 
i f the two limbs to faco in the same c direction. Campie Mi —_ ein T pies 
epee raging requires simply that the for 
the outer side like the little toe. 
