232 



RECREATION. 



cial value of forest products, extent of 

 their use, relation to other industries, sig- 

 nificance in the United States.) 



The Forest as a Condition. (Forest in- 

 fluences claimed and observed on climate, 

 water-flow, health.) 



How Trees Grow. (A chapter of bio- 

 logical dendrology; the development and 

 life history of the individual forest tree.) 



The Mathematics of Forest Growth. 

 (Accretion and its measurement; quanti- 

 tative and qualitative wood production.) 



The Evolution of Forest Growth. (De- 

 velopment of forest growths as organisms, 

 ecologic relations. 



Timber Physics. (Characteristics, prop- 

 erties, reproducing, and improving forest 

 growths.) 



Forest Exploitation and Forest Protec- 

 tion. (Tending and harvesting the forest 

 crop.) 



Business Aspects of Forest Manage- 

 ment. (Forest survey, forest regulation, 

 and forest finance.) 



Forest Policies of Foreign Nations. 

 (The relation of the State to forest re- 

 sources, and how it has evolved itself in 

 Europe.) 



Forests and Forestry in the United 

 States. (A brief sketch of forest condi- 

 tions in the United States, and history of 

 the movement to establish forest manage- 

 ment.) 



The junior students of the New York 

 State College of Forestry have this year 

 instituted the practice of opening a trail 

 to some desirable view or pond as a me- 

 mento of their life on the College tract. 



RELIABLE TRAILS IMPORTANT. 



Many good trails are needed in our 

 North woods. They are of use in many 

 ways. They are of the greatest use, how- 

 ever, in times of fire when it is impera- 

 tive to reach the spot quickly, in order 

 that the fire may be stifled in its incipien- 

 cy. There should, however, be some sys- 

 tem in the formation, arrangement and 

 marking of these trails, as in the Black 

 Forest. Blazes and scorings on trees are 

 already so common in the Adirondacks 

 that they are misleading rather than a 

 help. The blazing of trees should be 

 prohibited whenever possible. In the 

 Black Forest the making of trails is 

 under the direction of an association 

 which has been formed for the purpose. 

 Each trail is marked by a certain color of 

 paint. The trail is marked the same color 

 on a map. In going to a certain place 

 one need but follow a certain color and 

 he is sure never to go astray. These 

 paths are well cared for and add much to 

 the attractiveness and ease of travel in 

 the Black Forest. 



In one part of the Adirondacks there is 

 a trail association. This should be ex- 

 tended throughout the whole region, so 

 that a complete system of well formed 

 trails may in time result. 



RELATIVE VALUE OF STREET TREES. 



Paris in 1895 had invested about $3,000,- 

 000 for nearly 90,000 street trees, of which 

 nearly one-third were sycamores, one- 

 fifth horse chestnuts, nearly as many elms, 

 nearly 10,000 were Japanese lacquer trees 

 and over 5,000 sycamore figs, over 6,000 

 maples, 4,000 black locust, 2,000 bass- 

 woods, 1,000 Paulawnias, besides other 

 species. Placing the horse chestnuts and 

 the sycamore fig ahead of the sycamore 

 the death rate as well as the age of the 

 trees increases in the order of the species 

 as cited. From this it would appear that 

 the horse chestnut, the average age of 

 which is 115 years, and the death rate only 

 0.87 per cent, is best adapted to street 

 use. Unfortunately they are apt to have 

 their foliage burned and browned early 

 in the fall, and in some situations suffer 

 from sunscald. The sycamore fig (Ficus 

 sycamorus) behaves, about as well. Syca- 

 more and lacquer trees (Rhus vernicifera) 

 are still commendable with less than 2 per 

 cent death rate, while the rest are being 

 abandoned ; they can not withstand the un- 

 toward condition of asphalted streets, 

 where they are choked to death by the 

 carbonic acid developing from the roots 

 without chance to escape. 



FORESTRY MEETING. 



A special summer meeting of the Amer- 

 ican Forestry Association was held at Den- 

 ver, Col., August 27 to 29, in affiliation 

 with the American Association for the Ad- 

 vancement of Science. At this meeting 

 the forestry problems of the Western 

 States, and especially of the 40 Federal 

 Forest Reserves, found naturally most 

 prominent consideration, Senator Patterson 

 opening the session with an address of 

 welcome. The following titles of papers 

 presented to the meeting will give an idea 

 of the scope of the discussions : "The 

 Hydrography of Colorado," "Forests and 

 Their Relation to Agriculture and Manu- 

 facturing Industries," "The Boundary Line 

 between Forest and Desert," "The Open 

 Range and the Irrigation Farmer," "The 

 Reclamation of the Arid Region," "Prog- 

 ress in Tree-planting," "The Eucalypts as 

 American Forest Trees," "The Reforesta- 

 tion of Watersheds," "Some Phases of the 

 Growth of Cultivated Trees in Iowa," 

 "Irrigation and the Forest," "The Santa 

 Lucia Fir, the Utility of its Protection 

 from Fire;" "Forests and Reservoirs," 

 "Grazing in the Forest Reserves," "The 

 Black Hills Forest Reserve," etc. 



