310 
process, five or six days’ smoking curing it 
so that it will keep indefinitely. The shank 
bones are carefully saved and roasted, and 
the cooked marrow packed into small bags or 
pouches made from the intestines ; the fat 
is also fried out of all refuse, and the brains 
are used in curing skins. Thus all parts of 
the animal are utilized. 
In times of plenty pemmican is manu- 
factured in large quantities from dried 
meat, fat, marrow and berries; this is 

RECREATION 
at one point nineteen families perished in a 
body. At another point six families met a 
like fate, while many others died as a result 
of the hardships and semistarvation of the 
winter, leaving out of two hundred and 
fifty persons formerly trading at Fort Chimo 
scarcely one hundred and fifty. 
In the winter the men trap mainlymarten, 
foxes, wolves and wolverines, and during the 
intense cold of January and February trap- 
ping is unprofitable, as the wild animals are 
Dated 
CAMP OF THE MONTAGNAIS OF THE INTERIOR—MARROW BONES DRYING ON TEPEE POLES 
formed into cakes, after which it is taken to 
the posts and stored against a time of 
famine. Several years ago it was the custom 
to hold a great feast at Fort Chimo on New 
Year’s Day, the Indians hoarding up 
quantities of meat, pemmican, etc., for 
months, and then eating and drinking them- 
selves into a state of coma. This barbecue 
has been given up, due to a change in the 
route of the caribou migration, and the 
winter camps are now, as a rule, too far 
from the post for the men to make the 
journey. 
In the winter of 1892-93 many of the. 
Nascaupees starved to death, as the caribou 
hunt was a failure. The tribe was far in the 
interior and unable to reach the post, 
where relief might have been obtained, and 
little abroad. At this time the Indians hunt 
only to help out the larder with ptarmigan, 
erouse and rabbits. When the streams 
break up in the spring, beaver, otter and 
bear are shot or trapped. 
The winter tepee is made of dressed deer- 
skin. A circle twelve feet in diameter is 
cleared in the snow, about the circumference 
of which poles are set eight inches apart, 
forming a cone-shaped skeleton over which 
the skins are stretched, a hole two feet in 
diameter being left at the top for the escape 
of the smoke of the fire. The sloping sides 
are then banked with snow half way up to 
keep out the cold, and a thick bed of fresh 
spruce boughs is laid over the floor. ‘The 
removal of a pole makes an opening for 
entrance, which is closed by a deerskin, 
