304 
from several States in the West; although 
they do not go into effect until January 1, 
1907, they will probably tend to curtail ship- 
ments next winter. 
Warden Service—Game warden service was 
installed for the first time in Mississippi by a 
provision for the appointment of county war- 
dens, and in the Province of Prince Edward 
Island by the establishment of the position of 
game inspector. An act incorporating the 
Prince Edward Island Game Protection Asso- 
ciation confers on officers and agents appointed 
by the executive of the association the powers of 
- constables in enforcing the game laws, thus 
affording an auxiliary body to cooperate with 
the Provincial officer. 
Preserves.—Four acts relating to preserves 
were passed by Congress: One, establishing a 
game refuge on the Grand Canyon Forest Re- 
serve in Arizona; another, authorizing the 
rental of 3,500 acres of land for a buffalo pas- 
ture in Stanley County, S. Dak.; a third, pro- 
hibiting trespass on the islands set apart as 
Federal bird preserves, and the fourth prohibit- 
ing upland hunting in the District of Columbia, 
thus making the greater part of the District in 
effect a game preserve. Important progress in 
the establishment of preserves was made in the 
Provinces of Alberta and Quebec. A game pre- 
serve comprising sixteen sections was set apart 
in Alberta, about thirty miles northeast of 
Edmonton, and a large park was set aside by 
the Province of Quebec on the Gaspé Penin- 
sula. The Gaspesian Preserve, comprising 
about 2,500 square miles, is comparable with 
the largest preserves on the continent, among 
which may be mentioned the Laurentides Na- 
tional Park, also in Quebec; the Algonquin 
Park, in Ontario; the Canadian National Park, 
in Alberta, and the Yellowstone National Park, 
in Wyoming. 
Summary.—As most of the provisions in 
modem game laws have been enacted during 
the last twenty years, it is of interest to note a 
few points in which progress has been most 
rapid. Nonexport laws, first enacted in Minne- 
sota about 1871, are now in force in every State 
in the Union and practically every Province in 
Canada. Nonsale laws are now in force in 
forty-two States and bag-limit restrictions in 
thirty-eight. Nonresident licenses, first enacted 
in 1895, are now required in all the States ex- 
cept Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecti- 
cut, Georgia, Massachusetts, Nevada, New 
Mexico, Oklahoma, Rhode Island and Texas, 
and resident licenses are required in sixteen 
States. A practically uniform law protecting all 
nongame birds is in force in thirty-five States, 
including all those east of the Mississippi, 
except Alabama, Maryland and West Virginia. 
RECREATION 
State-warden service has been established in 
thirty-six States and county-warden service in 
nine States, while every organized Province of 
Canada has a special Provincial game officer. 
Shipment of Game.—Shipment is the most im- 
portant feature of the traffic in game. It has, 
likewise, a marked effect upon the perpetuation 
of game, and when permitted without limitation 
is a great factor in its rapid destruction. A 
realization of this fact has induced many of the 
States to prohibit export of all or certain kinds 
of game and in a few instances all transporta- 
tion, even within the State. The subject may be 
conveniently considered under the following 
subheads: ‘Federal laws,” “Marking pack- 
ages” and ‘‘State laws prohibiting export.” 
Federal Laws.—F¥ ederal laws for the -protec- 
tion of game comprise the statutes regulating 
interstate commerce in game and the importa- 
tion of birds from foreign countries, and those 
providing for the protection of birds and game 
on territory under the immediate jurisdiction of 
the United States. 
They comprise: (1) The Lacey Act, regu- 
lating the importation of game and its shipment 
from one State to another; (2) the tariff act, 
imposing duties on game, skins and feathers 
imported from foreign countries; (3) the act 
regulating the introduction of eggs of game 
birds; (4) game laws of the District of Colum- 
bia, Alaska and the Indian Territory, and (5) 
provisions for protecting birds in the national 
parks, forest reserves and other Government 
reservations. These laws are more fully dis- 
cussed in Bulletin No. 16 of the Biological 
Survey, entitled, ‘““Digest of Game Laws for 
1go1” (pp. 69-79). The full text of several may 
be found in various circulars published by the 
Biological Survey: Circular No. 29 (1900) con- 
tains the Lacey Act, Circular No. 34 (1901), 
the game laws of the District of Columbia, and 
Circular No. 42 (1904), the Alaska game law, 
with regulations for 1904, which are still in 
force. 
Marking Packages.—Section 4 of the Lacey 
Act requires every package containing game 
animals or birds when shipped by interstate 
commerce to be clearly marked, so as to show 
the name and address of the shipper and the 
nature of the contents. The laws of Colorado, 
Connecticut, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, 
Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, 
Oregon, Wisconsin, New Brunswick and On- 
tario likewise require each package of fish or 
game to bear a statement indicating the con- 
tents. Such general statements as “‘game” or 
‘“‘birds” are not sufficient to show the nature 
of the contents; the kind of game should be 
shown, and also, if possible, the amount in the 
package. 
