368 RECREATION 
British Columbia. Washington permits the 
sale of snipe and wildfowl (which may be killed 
from September 1 to March 1) only during 
November and then not more than twenty-five 
in a day. 
LICENSES FOR HUNTING AND SHIPPING GAME 
In Arkansas nonresidents are not permitted 
to hunt, except on their own premises, and in 
thirty-six States and Territories and through- 
out Canada licenses must be secured before non- 
residents can hunt any or certain kinds of game. 
(See Fig. 2). In sixteen States and four Canadian 
Provinces a like restriction is imposed on resi- 
dents, but the fees are usually very much 
smaller, and often are merely nominal. (See 
Fig. 1.) The fees for nonresident licenses for 
both big and small game range from $10 in a 
number of States to $50 in Wyoming, British 
Columbia and Newfoundland; those for resi- 
dent licenses from 75 cents in Illinois and North 
Dakota to $5 in Washington, and $7 ($5 for 
moose and caribou and $2 for deer) in Ontario. 
A new kind of hunting license, often known 
as the ‘‘alien” license, has recently been 
adopted by several States to restrict hunting by 
persons who are not citizens of the country. 
Thus Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Utah and 
Wyoming provide that all hunters who are un- 
naturalized residents of the State must obtain 
the same license required of nonresidents; 
Massachusetts has a special $15 license for 
resident aliens, Washington a $50 license for 
-nonresident aliens and Manitoba has a $100 
license for all who are not British subjects. 
Licenses ‘are generally issued only for the 
open season, and thus expire at fixed dates. 
Some are necessarily very brief in duration. 
Michigan issues a $25 nonresident deer license 
good only for twenty days in November; Ver- 
mont, a $15 nonresident deer license good only 
for the last six week-days of October. In a few 
instances licenses are issued at reduced rates 
for a week or for a few days. Of this character 
are the $5 nonresident bird license, good for one 
week, issued by British Columbia; the $1 guest 
license, issued by Alberta and Saskatchewan, 
and the daily licenses issued for hunting birds 
in Colorado and any game in Lafayette County, 
Fla. } 
Eight States issue licenses good only in the 
county named therein—Florida, Georgia (mar- 
ket hunting), Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, 
South Carolina, South Dakota and Washington 
—with fees ranging from $1 for residents of 
Washington to $50 for residents hunting ducks 
‘ for market in South Carolina. 
Twenty-two States and seven Canadian 
Provinces allow nonresident licensees to carry 
or ship out of the State or Province a limited 
amount of game, while this privilege is denied 
by fourteen States and Territories and two 
Canadian Provinces. Maine, Michigan and 
Montana issue export permits additional to 
the hunting license. 
Nonresident landowners or taxpayers are not 
required to pay the usual fee in Kansas, Mary- 
land (most counties), New Hampshire, New 
Jersey, North Dakota, Tennessee, West Vir- 
ginia and Nova Scotia. But to secure this ex- 
emption in New Hampshire the nonresident 
hunter must own land to the value of $500 or 
more; in Tennessee and Nova Scotia he must 
pay a tax of at least $100 and $20 per annum, 
respectively, and in North Dakota must own or 
cultivate a quarter section of land. Similar ex- 
emptions are made in the case of landowners 
and, in some instances, their tenants hunting on 
their land in Colorado (farming or grazing lands 
only), Illinois, Missouri, Montana, North 
Dakota and Oregon, and no license is required 
of those hunting within their own township in 
Indiana or county in Minnesota or Nebraska. 
In Virginia no license is required of bona fide 
guests of residents. 
In Maine (on wild lands, except from 
December 1 to 15), South Dakota, Wyoming 
and New Brunswick (on wild lands) non- 
residents are not permitted to hunt big game 
unless accompanied by qualified guides, and in 
Colorado, Maine, Montana, Wyoming, New 
Brunswick, Newfoundland and Ontario guides 
are licensed. Maine and New Brunswick also 
license camp help. Nearly every State requires 
licensees to have their licenses in personal pos- 
session while hunting, and to exhibit them on 
demand of any warden (in New Hampshire of 
any person). 

West’s Vanishing Big Game 
In the last haunt of the elk, south of Yellow- 
stone Park, in the Jackson’s Hole country, says a 
Colorado correspondent of the New Orleans 
Times-Democrat, those noble animals are fast 
disappearing. Even the game of Yellowstone 
National Park is not exempt, if stories from 
Wyoming and Montana are correct, as it is 
claimed that poachers carry on a campaign of 
wholesale slaughter in the long winter months, 
when the park is snow-bound and when it is 
practically impossible for the soldiers to guard 
the great game preserve of the nation. In the 
Northwest little or no attention is paid to the 
laws protecting mountain goats, while in Colo- 
rado and other Rocky Mountain States, whose 
peaks are the grazing ground of the mountain 
sheep, those beautiful animals are being killed 
off in spite of a farcical “‘perpetual closed 
season.” 
Less than a decade ago a man could get all 

