54 



in 1906 neither Phragmitcs nor Neyraudia were found on Krakatao 

 and in the record of the plants found by him and his companions on 

 the island Ernst 1 ) did not mention these grasses for his trip. Nor were 

 they, to my knowledge, found at any of the subsequent excursions. 



8. Tournefortia argentea L. fil. 



Littoral shrub, in the Dutch East Indies chiefly occurring on 

 coralligenous beaches. The fruits -) possess floating power, hence 

 can be spread by ocean-currents; G u p p y found them in the drift- 

 zone on the Keeling Islands. That this species is represented by 

 robust specimens on the shores of Krakatao (and of Verlaten Eiland) 

 is perhaps in some measure due to the rather high percentage of 

 CaO (2,88 3,36%) of part of the eruptive products 3 ). Concerning 

 its occurrence in the inner, higher parts of the island, as mentioned 

 by T r e u b, I refer to what I have said on page 50 about Wedelia. 



FERNS. 



1. Gymnogramme calomelanos Kaulf. 



At present named Ceropteris calomelanos Und, Heliophilous ter- 

 restrial fern originating from America, introduced in the Dutch Indies 

 already long ago and at present naturalized throughout Java in not 

 too dry regions from the plains up to 1000 m. above sea-level. It 

 occurs in sunny or slightly shadowed, not too dry, by preference stony 

 or little weathered localities; it is often plentifully found on perpen- 

 dicular banks. The reproduction is effected exclusively by spores. 

 In 1886 and much later yet it found on Krakatao many habitats quite 

 fit for it; according to R a c i b o r s k i /f ) it was in 1897 ,,sehr ha'ufig 

 ,,auf Krakatao und Verlaten Eiland." It is quite possible that in 1886 it 

 was already frequent on Krakatao. 



2. Acrostichum scandens |. Sm. 



At the present time named Stenochlaena pa/ustris Bedd. Terrestrial 

 fern, by preference growing in shadowed, continually humid or swampy 

 localities or at least in such spots where the water-table is near the 

 surface. It occurs not only in the coastal plains, often not very far 

 remote from the sea or even quite near it, but also much further in 



M Neue Flora Vulkaninsel Krakatau (1907), p. 44. 



'-') Described by S c li i m p e r, Indo-Malayische Strandflora (1891), p. 174. 

 :l ) V e r b e e k, Krakatau, Dutch Edition (1888), p . 292. 



4 ) Die Pteridophyten der Flora von Buitenzorg (1898), pp. 69, 70, under the name 

 of Gymnogranimc ca/o/ne/a/ios. 



