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1. It is unproven, not even rendered probable, that the original 



vegetation of Krakatao was totally destroyed by the eruption. 

 In sheltered parts of localities which had not been covered 

 with a thick layer of hot eruptive products and from where 

 the covering layer soon disappeared (higher ravines, clefts 

 in the basaltic rocks of Zwarte Hoek) a number of plants 

 may quite well have survived the eruption. 



2. It is unknown how soon after the eruption the pioneers of a new 



vegetation appeared on Krakatao, but it is a well-established 

 fact that they were not long in coming. A year after the 

 eruption a ncn-botanist meant already to see some plants; 

 within 3 years after the eruption T r e u b, from a great 

 distance, saw rather big plants growing near the summit o/ 

 the mountain. Such plants had already been observed by 

 others before him. After the rains had brought suffi- 

 cient humidity and had washed away here and there the 

 covering lexer, probably in many localities at about the 

 same time a new vegetation developed, consisting partly 

 of remnants of the old one, for the rest originating from 

 spores, seeds ends fruits saved or introduced in some way 

 or other. 



3. It is unknown which plants appeared first, which afterwards. 



Probably the algae, very moderate in their claims, soon 

 made their appearance and spread rapidly; ferns and higher 

 plants may have appeared in some places at the same time 

 with the algae, in other places later or sooner. It is neither 

 proven nor probable that everywhere the higher plants as 

 such were preceded by ferns and these by algae. Of the 

 succession of species or systematical groups nothing is 

 known with certainty but that in a sample of the layer of 

 algae, taken to Buitenzorg, one germinating fern-spore was 

 found. To deduce from this fact the succession algae- 

 ferns-Phanerogams seems rather risky. 



4. As it has not been proven that the original vegetation of 



Krakatao was totally destroyed by the eruption and, 

 moreover, next to nothing is known of this vegetation, it 

 cannot be established which plants after the eruption have 

 been introduced, which not. The tropical sea-shore plants 



