97 



Caesa/pinia crista L. (^C. bonducella Flem.), Cerbera manghas L. 

 ( C. odollam Gaertn.), Cocos nucifera L., Dem's /leterop/iyl/a Backer 

 ( = D. uliginosa Bth.), Dillenia aurea Smith, Entada phaseoloides Merr. 

 ( = E. scandens Bth.), Gluta renghas L,( Gl. benghas L.), Guettarda 

 speciosa L., Hernandia pe/tata Meissn., Inocarpus edulis Forst., 

 Mangifera foetida Lour,, Mangifera indica L., Nephe/ium juglandifolium 

 Bl. (= N. altissimum T. et B.), Nipa fruticans Wurmb, - Pandanus 

 tectorius Sol. (=P. littoralis jungh.), Quercus daphnoidea Bl.,- 

 Quercus pseudomolucca Bl., Scaevola frutescens Krause ( = Sc. 

 koenigii Vahl.), ~ Termina/ia catappa L. and Xylocarpus moluccensis 

 Roem. (= Carapa moluccana Penzig = C. moluccensis Lamk.). Part 

 of these seeds may have come from the island itself, the rest must 

 have been introduced, probably by the sea. As nothing is known on 

 the flora of the higher ravines in 1897 (see p. 27), one would 

 fruitlessly try to investigate which of the seeds or fruits might have 

 originated from the interior of Krakatao ') Such fruits and seeds could 

 hardly have come over from the interior directly to the drift-zone 

 of Zwarte Hoek, because in 1897 behind that drift-zone lay already 

 a strip of level old beach which was never reached by the waves 

 and bore a rather dense vegetation. No ravines come out on this 

 beach, which is secluded from the interior by a steep wall. The 

 seeds and fruits supposed to come from the interior had to follow 

 a circuitous way; they may have been carried to the sea by rain-wa- 

 ter flowing during or shortly after heavy showers rapidly down the 

 ravines on the east-, south- and west-side of the cone; the sea may 

 have conveyed them round the island to the beach of Zwarte 

 Hoek. But all these suppositions are mere guesses. 



It is certain that among the seeds and fruits found in 1897 

 in the drift-zone at Zwarte Hoek there were 9 that could not 

 possibly contribute to enrich the flora. Penzig-) assuming that 

 the determinations were correct is wrong in considering the seeds 

 and fruits recorded by him as originating without exception from 

 littoral plants. B/umeodendron tokbral BL, Dillenia aurea Smith, 

 Inocarpus edulis Forst., Mangifera foetida Lour., Mangifera indica 

 L., Nephelium juglandifolium BL, Quercus daphnoidea Bl. and Q. 

 pseudomolucca BL, are no littoral plants and had, even admitting 

 that their seeds had retained their germinative power, which seems 

 not to have been examined no chance at all to live in the locality 



') None of the species named was afterwards (at least until 1919) found in the 

 interior of Krakatao barring Cocos nucilefii and this only rather close to the coast. 

 2 ) Ann. lard. Bot. Buitenzorg XVIII (1902), p. 109. 



