98 



reached. The fruits or seeds of these species are too heavy to be 

 carried by wind farther inward; the beach in question is moreover 

 almost entirely secluded from the interior by a steep wall (see p. 36). 

 No chance to live had also the fruits of Nipa fruticans Wurmb, 

 a palm of brackish swamps and river-mouths. 



Specimens of 5 of the 13 remaining species (Barringtonia asiatica 

 Kurz, Cerbcra mang/ias L., Pandanus tectorius Sol., Scaevo/a 

 frutescens /Crause and Terminalia catappa L.), were in 1897 already 

 growing in the locality examined. HernantJ/'a peltata Meissn. had been 

 found there in 1886 by Treub. It was not found back in 1897, but 

 Penzig himself admits that it may have been overlooked. Caesal- 

 pinia crista L. and Guettarda speciosa L. are quite common on many 

 sandy beaches; the first had in 1919 not yet been found in Krakatao 

 but was collected in 1906 and afterwards on Verlaten Eiland; possibly 

 it occurs also somewhere on the beach of Krakatao; the second has 

 at present been found in all three islands of the Krakatao-group. Entada 

 phaseo/oides Men: (often mentioned under the names of E. Pursaetha 

 I), C, or E. scandens Bt/i.) is a gigantic liana of the interior; its large 

 seeds are apparently sometimes carried by rivers to the sea, at least 

 they are not rarely found washed ashore and sometimes they ger- 

 minate on the beach. In 1897 a specimen of this species was collected 

 on the beach of Verlaten Hiland, in 1908 on that of Lang Eiland; it 

 may quite well grow here or there on the beach of Krakatao. Derris 

 heterophyl/a (Willd.) Backer, mentioned by Penzig under the synonym 

 I) uliginosa tith., is a creeping or climbing shrub, which is very com- 

 mon in many parts of the mangrove; at present it has already been 

 found on all the islands of the Krakatao-group. For G/uta Renghas 

 I., see p. 45; young specimens of this tree of a man's height were 

 collected in 1908 on Verlaten Eiland and Lang Eiland in low and 

 rather old parts of the beach. Xylocarpus moluccensis Roem. is an 

 inhabitant of the mangrove '); it may have grown in 1897 somewhere 

 on the beach of Krakatao. Another species of the same genus, 

 likewise a component of the mangrove, Xylocarpus Granatum Koen., 

 was found in 1906 on the south-eastern beach of Krakatao (See 



')Docters van Leeuwen |Handelingen Eerste Ned.-lndiscli Natuurw. 

 Congres (19t>0), p. 4'2.-Ann |ard. Bot. Buitenzorg XXXI (1!1), p. 'H2J wrongly names 

 Lumnitiera racemosa Willd. and Excoecaria agallocha L. as the only mangrove- 

 plants of the Krakatao-group. Other components of the mangrove, given in the list 

 published by himself ond found there already before li'19 are: Acrostichum aurei/m 

 /-.,- Derris heterop/iylla ( Willd) Backer and Ay/ocarpus Granatum Koen. Though the 

 beaches of Krakatao are unfit for the development of a mangrove-vege/arYo/), specimens 

 of mangrove-components can grow in favorable spots. Of such mangrove-components 

 ) had been found up to '1020. 



