122 



Pandanus tectorius So/.,- Ischaemum muticum L.,- Spinifex littoreus 

 Men:, - Casuarina equisetifo/ia Forst., - Cassytha filiform is L.,- 

 Hernandia pe/tata Meissn., Erythrina \ariegata L. var. orientalis 

 Men: '), Canavalia rosea D.C.,- Vigna marina Meir.,~ Euphorbia 

 atoto Forst., Hibiscus ti/iaceus L.,- Ca/ophyl/um inophyllum L., 

 Barringtonia asiatica Kurz, Terminal/a catappa L. (also on river- 

 sides), - Cerbera manghas L.,- Ipomoea pes caprae Sw., Tourne- 

 fortia argentea L. til., Morinda citri folia L-, Scaevola frutescens 

 Krause and Wedelia biflora D.C. Together 21 species, among which 20 

 Phanerogams. The spores, seeds or fruits of all these are fit to be 

 spread by sea-currents and the seeds or fruits of the Phanerogams 

 are often found in the drift-zone. Hence one may with some right 

 suppose that these species were carried over by the sea, though it 

 is of course possible that animals and man have also taken some 

 part. Cyperus pennatus Lamk. and Fimbristylis spathacea Roth, though 

 neither obligatory halophytes nor true littoral plants, are often found 

 close to the sea in localities either saline (and frequently so) or not. 

 Penzig found them in great numbers on the beach at Zwarte 

 Hoek; their fruits may quite well have been carried over by sea- 

 currents. 



The 16 Phanerogams of the interior found by Penzig are: 

 /. Impt-rata cy/indrica P.B., 2. Saccharum spontaneum L., 

 3. Pogonatherum paniceum Hack., 4. Pennisetum macrostachyum 

 Brongn., 5. Neyraudia madagascariensis fil. var. zol/ingeri Hook, fit., 

 6. Arundina speciosa El., 7 . Phajus tankervi/liae BL, 8. Spa- 

 thog/ottis p/icata El., 9. Vernonia cinerea Less., W. Erigeron 

 linifotius Wil/d., 11. B/timea ba/samifera D.C., 12. Pluchea indica 

 Less., 13. Senecio sonchifo/ius Moench, 14. Ficus toxicaria L. 

 til., 15. Albizzia c/iinensis Men:, 16. Melochia umbel/ata Stapf. 

 Penzig considers all these plants as introduced ones, No. 113 by 

 the wind, No. 14 by animals, No. 15 and 16 by the sea. From his 

 publication does not appear, however, that this opinion is based on 

 any experiment or actual observation; its only base is apparently the 

 fact that the first 13 species possess very light or winged or pappose 

 fruits or seeds, that the fruits of No. 14 are included within a fleshy 

 receptale, whilst No. 15 has light fruits which may be transported 

 by water. Penzig apparently did not know that also the seeds of 

 No. 16, Melochia i/mbellata, are light and winged. If he had known, 



') Whether in 1886 tliis species was found by I reub or F.. fi/scn l.our. which 

 as .1 rule inhabits river-sides and sweet-water swamps is uncertain. 



