131 



and flowering at rather long intervals. This species, which 

 is often confounded with C. circinalis L. '), is spread over 

 the entire southern part of Java from the beach up to 50 m. 

 above sea-level; moreover it has been found in a few local- 

 ities near the north-coast and on some coral islands in the 

 )ava-sea. It often, though by no means exclusively, grows 

 quite near the sea, as well in the Barringtonia-formation as 

 in thickets and forests somewhat back from it; as already 

 | u n g h u h n -) rightly observed, it may be found at some 

 kilometers' distance from the shore. In some regions (i. a. 

 in the south of the residency of Kediri *), along the southern 

 margin of the Gunung Sewu '') and at the Sand-bay) it is 

 rather numerous, but as a rule it occurs in scattered specim- 

 ens. The dry seeds can remain floating on sea-water during 

 a long time; h r n s t found them in the drift-zone of Kra- 

 katao '). Probably they are also spread by animals; if not, 

 the occurrence of the tree high above sea-level in forests in 

 the interior could hardly have a natural cause. Schimper 1 ') 

 found on Nusa Karnbangan seeds, the fleshy outer layer 

 of which seemed to have been gnawed away by hermit- 

 crabs. 



,,Somewhere on the beach" V a I e t o n found a specimen of 

 about 2 meters height, thus an old plant. Probably this specimen 

 was found on the eastern side. If a Cycas of that dimensions had 

 still occurred a year afterwards at Zwarte Hoek, Ernst and his 

 companions who then explored this locality with much care would 

 certainly have observed it. It is not impossible that the specimen 

 seen by Vale ton was the same as that observed by the explorers 

 of 1906, the trunk of which was 1,65 m. high (See Chapter VIII). 

 V a 1 e t o n's plant was not found back by me in the Buitenzorg 

 Herbarium, the Cycc?s-materials of that institute in 1924 having 

 already been lent away since many years. 



1) I he Litter species has not yet been found in the Malayan Archipelago. 



2 ) |ung huh n |ava, 2"<* Dutch Edition I, 268, 316,- German Edition 1,195, 

 231, under the name of Cycas circinalis, Cf. also B I u m e in Rumphia IV (1848), 

 p. 14 (under the name of Cycas circinalis): ,,in vicinia litorum, praesertim in saxosis 

 ,,calcareis centum pedes supra inaris aequor". 



3 ) Teysmann in Natuurk. Tijdschr- Ned. Indie XI, 137 (under the name of 

 Cycas circinalis)- 



4 ) Cf. ) u n g h u h n, Reisen, pp. 108, 112 (under the name of C. revo/u/a). 

 ') Ernst, Neue Flora Vulkaninsel Krakatau (1907), p. 29. 



) Schimper, Indo-Malayische Strandflora (1891), pp. 75 and 175, tab. VII- 

 fig. 10. 



