145 



was growing luxuriantly and gregariously 1) at the base of the rupture 

 may be deduced that the soil there was practically salt-free. This 

 locality, consisting of two oecologically very different parts, is secluded 

 from the interior of the island by a steep wall at whose base fallen 

 ashes have formed here and there small tali. On the south-eastern 

 side the beach ends in a very large talus of ashes, which in 1906 

 was still unscalable and devoid of vegetation; on the north-western 

 side it ends in the black basaltic rocks from which Zwarte I lock 

 (i.e. Black Corner) has derived its name. The lowest parts of these 

 rocks bore in 1906 a meagre vegetation. 



In 1906 46 species were collected at Zwarte Hoek. These were: 



Polypodiaceae. 



/. Dryopteris unita O.K. (Nephrodium cucullatum Baker). See 

 p. 56, sub No. 7. 



A few specimens on the base of the steep wall formed by 

 the rupture. 



2. Nephrolepis exa/tofc? Sc/iott. See p. 56, No. 6. 



Several rather large groups on the older, leached-out parts 

 of the littoral plain. 



3. Ceropteris calomelanos Und. (Oymnogramme calomelanos 



Kaulf.). See p. 54, No. 1. 



Numerous on the base of the rupture. 



4. Drynaria quercifolia /. Sm. (Polypodium quercifolium I..). See 



p. 113, No. 26. 



A few specimens of this usually epiphytic fern were grow- 

 ing in crevices at the base of the basaltic rocks. 



Lycopodiaceae. 



5. Lycopodium cernuum L. See p. 113, No. 29. 



A few feeble specimens at the base of the steep wall 

 formed by the rupture- 



Pandanaceae. 



6. Pandanus tectorius Sol. (P. littoralis Jungh.). See p. 43, sub 



No. 4. 



Several specimens as well on the younger parts of the 

 beach as on the older parts, many of them of a large size. 



J ) See herebefore pp. 94 and 100 seq. and the very instructive plate in Ernst, 

 Neue Flora Vulkaninsel Krakatau (1907), tab. IV, fig. 7. 



