152 



45. P/uchea indica Less. (Conyza indica Miq.j. See pp. 50, 108 



and 119. 



Here and there on the oldest parts of the littoral plain at 

 the base of the rupture. 



46. Wede/ia biflora D. C. (In Ernst's paper named Wedelia 



glabrata Benth. and Wollastonia spec.). See p. 49 under 

 Wollastonia. 



Several specimens, especially on the younger parts of the 

 beach. 



B. FINDS ON THE BEACH ON THE SOUTH-EASTERN SIDE. 



The character and composition of the littoral flora on the south- 

 eastern side of Krakatao in 1906 are excellently described by Ernst ') 

 to whose paper I refer. A few unimportant inaccuracies will be 

 rectified herebeneath -). 



The beach, consisting of a mixture of pumice, ashes and sand, 

 is being washed away in many spots by the sea and wherever this 

 is the case, slopes rather strongly downwards; in other localities it 

 increases. Hence the boundary between beach and interior is often 

 not clearly demarcated; a locality at present belonging to the interior 

 may shortly afterwards, in consequence of land being rapidly washed 

 away, border on the sea and is then liable to be confounded with 

 a beach though, oecologically, it differs much from it and bears quite 

 another, a halophobous vegetation. On the other hand, where a 

 beach more rapidly increases than it is leached out by the rains, 

 littoral halophytes may be found at a rather large distance from the 

 sea. Yet these halophytes are usually in course of time replaced by 

 other plants, able to live on the former beach as soon as this has lost 

 its excess of salt by leaching caused by repeated rains or by water 

 seeping through the sand in a lateral direction. Consequently the life of 

 many littoral plants is endangered as well by increase as by decrease 

 of the beach. Though the beach on the south-eastern side of Krakatao 

 is of rather varied aspect in consequence of increase and decrease 

 taking place, it does not possess the steep wall and the basaltic rocks 

 of Zwarte Hoek. This explains that the last-named locality though only 



J ) Ernst Neue Flora Vulkaninsel Krakatau (1907), p. 28 seq. 



2 ) Ernst [Neue Flora Vulkaninsel Krakatau (1907), 30j wrongly mentions 

 Caesalpinia crista L. (C. bonducella Flerti.) and Pemphis acidula Forst. as having been 

 found in 1906 on the beach of the south-eastern side. For Tournefortia argentea L. fil. 

 see the list beneath sub No. 30, 



