194 



Cesneriaceae. 



29. Cyrtandra sulcata Bl. 



Robust shrub spread throughout Java between 800 and 

 1400 m. above sea-level in shadowy humid forests. The 

 reproduction is effected by the berries which contain numerous 

 minute seeds. Whether animals take part in dispersing these 

 seeds is unknown. 



Numerous in the ravines above an altitude of 200 m. 



Rubiaceae. 



30. Nauclea purpurascens Korth. 



Possibly the same species as was found by Vale ton in 

 1905, of which no materials were preserved. Nauclea pur- 

 purascens is a small or medium-sized tree, spread throughout 

 Java from the plains up to an altitude of 1200 m. in shadowy 

 secondary or primary forests and on river-sides, especially 

 in regions where the east-monsoon is feeble. The repro- 

 duction is effected by the winged seeds which are produced 

 in great numbers. 



One specimen was seen in the ravine-forest at an altitude 

 of + 330 m. 

 Cucurbitaceae. 



31. Trichosanthes bracteata Voigt. See p. 139, No. 43. 



A few specimens somewhat behind the beach. 



One should not forget that on this trip also a very small part 

 only of the island was investigated. In the innumerable ravines which 

 remained unexplored very many other plants may have been present. 

 As the forest in the investigated parts was best developed at an 

 altitude of 300-400 m. and from that altitude downwards diminished 

 in the size of the trees, I think we are quite warranted to believe 

 that its development has proceeded from the higher ravines down- 

 wards and that it was gradually invading the Saccharum-g\rd\e from 

 its inner side. Taking into consideration that the ravine-trees and the 

 undergrowth belonged to such species as are frequent in the forests 

 of Java and may quite well have grown on Krakatao before the 

 eruption, further that the original soil in part of the higher ravines 

 was laid bare very soon after the eruption, we have doubtless to 

 reckon with the possibility (See p. 26) that this young ravine-forest, 

 partly at least, was not introduced after the eruption but consisted 

 of survivors of the catastrophe. 



