264 



moderately shadowed not too dry localities, may be found in secon- 

 dary forests and on forest-borders but is much more frequent in 

 thickets and hedges. - No. 35, Eulophia macrostachya Lindl. is an orchid 

 of bamboo-plantations, of thickets and young secondary forests, but 

 no ,,real" forest-plant.- No. 41, Heckeria umbel/ata Kth. var. subpeltata 

 Willd. grows in shadowed, constantly humid localities, on ravine-sides, 

 along water-courses, in thickets, much more frequently out of forests 

 than within them. No. 64, Trichosporum vo/ubUe Nees, a plant of 

 humid localities, often creeping over shrubs or grasses has hardly a 

 right to be called a forest-plant and is certainly no ,,real" one. 

 No. 23, Schizaea dichotoma Sm., in Java seemingly a rare species, 

 may be found in rain-forests on not too dark and not too humid ridges, 

 but it occurs more often in bamboo-plantations and in teak-forests. 

 No. 30, Selaginella plana Hieron., a plant of shadowed localities, 

 is frequently found in young secondary forests but at least as often 

 in thickets and on humid river-banks. Neither of these two species 

 are ,,real" rain-forest-plants., No. 44, Ficus fistulosa Reinw., No- 45, 

 Ficus fuha Reinw., No. 51, Ficus toxicaria L. and No. 57, fiomalanthus 

 populnea O.K. are trees of grassy jungles, of ravine-sides, glades, 

 forest-borders and young secondary forests; they need much light 

 and can hardly be called real forest-plants. Neither is No. 48, Ficus 

 retusa L, a real rain-forest-plant; it is often fiund growing as an 

 epiphyte on trees in native villages and even on houses; it occurs 

 also on the inner border of mangrove-forests and in teak-forests. 

 No. 56, Macaranga tanarius M. A. and No. 59, Melochia umbel/ata 

 Stapf are frequently found in thickets and in deserted fields, which are 

 being gradually invaded by jungle; they may occur also in teak-forests 

 but are no real forest-plants. They have no more right to be taken 

 for such than Pipturus incanus Wedd., and Melastoma malabathricum L. 

 which were quite rightly excluded by Mr. Docters van Leeuwen 

 from his list of forest-plants. No. 15, Hymenolepis brachystachys /. Sm., 

 No. 16, Hymenolepis spicata Presl, No. 19, Poly podium phymatodes L., 

 No. 20, Polypodium punctaturn Sw. and. No. 22, Cyclophorus adnas- 

 cens Desv,, may be found in rain-forests but in not too dry regions 

 they are very frequent also on trees planted along road-sides, in 

 gardens, in native villages and church-yards. They are by no 

 means real forest-plants. Neither is No. 34, Nervi/ia aragoana Gaud., 

 a real rain-forest-plant. It is as a rule an inhabitant of jungles, 

 of bamboo-woods and of teak-forests and is but rarely found out 

 of them. 



