277 



Mr. Dammerman found 3 species of fig insects on Kra- 

 katao and Verlaten Eiland. Unhappily he does not tell in the 

 figs of which species of Ficus he found them, but he asserts 

 that ,,all fig-trees on the island abound with fruit and in nearly 

 ,,every ripe fig one will find the insect". It is certainly possible 

 that at least some of these insects bring about fructification '), 

 hence are of importance for the distribution of the many species 

 of Ficus. 



D. Max Fleischer, Beitrag zur l.aubmoosflora der Vulkaninsel Krakatau in Ann. 

 lard. Bot. Buitenzorg, XXXIII (1923), p. 105 seq. 



In this short paper Mr. Max Fleischer takes the classical 

 view-point that by the eruption of 1883 Krakatao was entirely 

 deprived of its vegetation. This point can be passed over here, as 

 it was already sufficiently discussed in Chapter III. Mr. Fleischer 

 records for Krakatao 18 Musci, collected by Mr. Docters van 

 Leeuwen on different excursions (1919; Jan. 1922; Febr.1922). 

 Two of these species, Philonotis revoluta Lac. and Thysanomitrium 

 Blumii Card, were found ,,auf unbewachsenen Abhangen", by 

 which perhaps steep naked ravine-sides are meant. These species 

 may quite well have survived the eruption of 1883. It is remark- 

 able that the 2 species found by Ernst in 1906 do not appear 

 in the list. Assuming that they had been correctly named, they 

 seem not to have been found back. 



Most of the species were epiphytes and it is perhaps 

 probable, though not proven, that these at least were introduced 

 after the eruption. Several of them are quite common in Java, 

 some seem to be rare in that island, but one should never 

 forget that the moss-flora of many parts of Java is as yet but 

 very imperfectly or not at all known, especially as regards the 

 distribution of the species, many regions never having been 

 investigated. Still less is known of the moss-flora of South- 

 Sumatra from which as Fleischer supposes, also species may 

 have passed over to Krakatao. Many Hepaticae were found, 

 but these seem not yet to have been named. - As to the 

 manner of introduction of the Musci and Hepaticae found, nothing 

 at all is known; this most interesting part of the problem has 

 remained unsolved and probably will remain so for ever. As I 



See also p. 275, footnote 2. 



