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7. At Krakatao Mr. Docters van Leeuwen made collections during three separate 

 excursions; he has been three times to the top of Mount Rakata. In his 

 earlier article on the Krakatao-flora which should be regarded as merely a 

 provisional sketch of that flora, the harvest of the first excursions (April 

 24 27th 1919) has been discussed. Since then a great many new plants 

 especially Fungi, Musci, Hepaticae and Lichenes have been noticed. At the 

 end of Mr. Docters van Leeuwen's paper 2 lists of plants are found. 

 The first list gives the plants found on Sebesy with mention of the kind of 

 finding-place. In the second list have been catalogued in two parallel columns 

 the plants of the Krakatao-islands and those of Sebesy, so as to afford a 

 ready survey of the two floras and make a comparison possible. I he Krakatao 

 list contains all the plants thus far collected here by Mr- Docters van 

 Leeuwen himself, so that this list also gives a complete picture of all 

 the plants found up to date. Mr. Docters van Leeuwen avails himself of 

 the opportunity of getting this list also printed, because he intends to watch 

 the Krakatao-flora for a number of years before proceeding to a definite 

 elaboration of his notes relating to the flora of Krakatao. 



On this paragraph but little need be said. As appears from his 

 publications Mr. Docters van Leeuwen was on Krakatao during 

 4 days in April 1919, during some hours in October 1919, during 

 some days in April 1920, during part of a day in April 1921, during 

 at least 5 days in January 1922 and at least one day in February 

 1922. We are not told whether in ascending to the top of the 

 mountain he always followed the same path or cut different tracks. 

 The paper on Sebesy bears no date but was probably written in 

 1922, 3 years after the provisional sketch". The fact that in these 

 few years a great many new plants were found does not in the least 

 prove that these plants had newly settled on Krakatao but only that the 

 exploration of 1919 was as incomplete as all former investigations and 

 did not allow of any reliable conclusion as to the absence of a species. 

 The lists of plants will be shortly discussed at the end of this Chapter. 



8. On the problem as to how the plants came to Krakatao the light has been shed 

 that was still possible. It is now no longer possible to form anything more 

 than an opinion on the spread of most of the plants. The three factors, sea- 

 currents, wind and animals (including man) are known to have each of them 

 played an important part, and we shall have to leave it at that. But the 

 vegetation is as yet anything but normal, though several plant-associations 

 have already been formed, but these are in most cases still very poor in the 

 number of different species; others like the vegetation of Cyrtandra sulcata 

 Bl., which largely covers Mount Rakata from about 300 meter to the top, are 

 very unnatural, so much that even in the three years in the course of which 

 Mr. Docters van Leeuwen has taken stock of the island, changes have 

 been distinctly noticeable which point to this vegetation being only of a 

 temporary character; in the same way as the savanna vegetation of tall 

 grasses, which clothed nearly the whole of the island at the time of Penzig's 

 visit as it still does large areas now, has had to yield place to the mixed 



