LEAF CHARACTERS OF APPLE VARIETIES. 31 



thickness with little pubescence. Serrations rather dull and shallow, pointing well 

 forward. Color rather pale green. (Fig. 10.) 



Wolf River. — Petiole medium. Blade flat or somewhat folded, often waved and 

 wrinkled, often reflexed, oval, narrow at base and apex, spreading, medium thick- 

 ness, rather coarse with mediimi pubescence. Serratures very dull, quite distinct 

 and rather irregular, often double. Color medium green. (Fig. 12.) 



Yellow Transparent. — Petiole medium. Blade medium size, more or less folded, 

 often waved and somewhat reflexed, often spiral especially near tips of shoots, 

 rather narrow oval, rather narrow at apex, smooth, rather fine texture with consid- 

 erable pubescence. Serratures dull, rather small and shallow, quite regular. 

 Color rather pale green. (Fig. 13.) 



Glossary. 



In the foregoing descriptions there are a number of words that are used 

 in a restricted, technical sense. Definitions of the technical meaning of 

 these words are here given : — 



Acute: sharp pointed. 



Acuminate: very sharp pointed. 



Apex: about one-third of the leaf blade. (See Fig. 1.) 



Base: same as apex, but referring to the opposite end. 



Blade: the leaf, barring petiole and stipules. (See Fig. 1.) 



Cordate: heart-shaped; applied to shape of leaf base. (See Mcintosh, Fig. 3.) 



Close set: referring to serratures having little space between. (See Baldwin, 



Fig. 8.) 

 Curved: applied to "teeth" of serratures. (See Baldwin, Fig. 8.) 

 Distinct: having spaces between the "teeth " of serratures, the opposite of close set. 



(See Fall Pippin, Fig. 21.) 

 Drooping: applied to the angle of leaf and the shoot from which it grows; a very 



wide angle. 

 Erect: the opposite of drooping; a sharp angle between leaf and shoot. 

 Folded: the halves of the leaf curved upward toward each other. 

 Irregular: serratures of varying sizes. 

 Midrib: the main vein along the middle of the blade. 

 Point: the extreme tip of the leaf blade. 

 Pubescence: the short hairy growth found mainly on the under side of the leaf 



blade. 

 Reflexed: having the blade curved backward or downward. 

 Regular: serratures all of equal size. 



Reverse curved: the midrib and b'.ade bent slightly like the letter S. 

 Serratures, serrations: the notches on the margin of the leaf blade. 

 Spreading: the usual angle of the leaf and shoot; between erect and droopin<r. 

 Spiral: a slight twisting of the leaf blade. (See Wealthy, Fig. 17.) 

 Texture: applied to the surface of the leaf blade, due mainly to character of the net 



veins. 

 Waved: having undulating leaf margins. 

 Wrinkled: the same as waved, but with smaller imdulations. 



