16 THE STRUCTURE OF THE PITCHER PLANT. 
Journal" for 1832 and 1833, by Treviranus, he says the 
cuticle does not cover the glandular surface ; it is, however, 
very easy to demonstrate that it is reflected down over each 
gland, and whatever liquid is excreted must filter through 
this cuticular covering before it falls into the pitcher. 
By referring again to Fig. 1, it will be seen that a thick- 
ened margin or frill surrounds nearly the entire top of the 
pitcher. Now, embedded in this fleshy frill, lie many elon- 
gated, cylindrical glands, like guns on a fortification, all 
opening on its inner side by minute ducts which lead up to 
Fig. 4. the glands. The size of these 
very peculiar organs varies, as 
shown in Fig. 4 (magnified 
eighty diameters), and some- 
times they are united at the 
ends, though this can be re- 
garded only as a curious malfor- 
mation. The drawing shows the 
union of the ducts with each 
gland, and also their cellular 
structure, better than many 

side view of one of these glands, we see it is somewhat 
erescentic in shape; the orifice of the duct is apparent, and 
also the position of the gland with respect to the epidermis 
which covers the frill. This second series of organs lies 
embedded in a tissue, made up chiefly of large, isolated, 
spiral cells, developed to a degree not found probably in 
any other plant. Treviranus seems not to have been aware 
of these upper glands in Nepenthes, nor have we seen them 
noticed by any authority before. 
In describing the structures alluded to in this paper, we 
have used the term gland for want of a better one, but we do 
not therefore assume any speciality of function. This is a 
point about which we are ignorant. The structure of an 
organ will not enable us to predict its function, though it 


