

THE SYLVA OF MONTANA. 413 
reddish like that of the pine, but only an inch or two thick 
instead of four or five, and of course less deeply furrowed. 
The pale, elegant foliage, is easily distinguishable where it 
forms groves on the mountain slopes, but it is more scat- 
tered in its distribution than most conifer, never, as with 
the eastern L. Americana, growing in swamps. 
Western Arsor-vitm (Thuya gigantea). Scarce along 
the lower part of the Bitterroot, this enormous tree becomes 
fully developed only on the west slope of the Coeur d’Aleiie 
Range, where a cedar swamp occurs, the trees, perhaps, 
even larger than near the coast. They range from six to 
eight feet thick, and a dozen of these giants often grow in 
à space of five or six rods square, so that Lieut. Mullau's 
party could not find room to pass between them, and had to 
cut down some, the road going over the stumps! Nothing 
compares with this in tree growth except perhaps the Taxo- 
dium swamps of the Gulf States, and here the cedars seem 
to have grown from sand and water only ! 
Rep Cenar (Juniperus Virginiana). This grows large 
and abundant along the Upper Missouri, and more scattered, 
though still a tree, entirely across the Rocky Mountains, 
following the rivers around the Ceeur d’Alene Range to Fort 
Colville, and south to the Spokan river at least. I was told 
that a large grove of it (or possibly occidentalis) grew on 
the north-west border of the Great Plain of the Columbia, 
but could not determine which those are which grew near 
Fort Dalles. I was very much puzzled to determine whether 
this or J. communis was the species sometimes seen on the 
Upper Missouri, of a tree form, but with large berries. It 
may be a hybrid, or perhaps J. occidentalis, with which it 
agrees in the colorless wood. J. communis, in its low pros- 
trate forms, is very common along the Upper Missouri, but 
I did not see it farther west, and the dwarf form of the Cas- 
cade Mountains, found in 1853, may belong to J. occiden- 
talis, though Dr. Newberry found farther south on these 
mountains what he considers J. communis. 

