
WHAT IS BATHYBIUS ? 661 
that they abounded in Cretaceous types of Foraminifera, 
overlooking the wide differences presented by the higher 
organizations of the two formations. So in the instance 
under consideration. Owing to the low vitality of the Pro- 
tozoa, some of them have survived the changes which time 
has wrought in the higher groups of animals. The recent 
Globigerine and Bathybia are probably descendants from 
those which lived during the Cretaceous period, but their 
companions are not the same. The abundant Textillaria 
are replaced by Diatoms and Radiolarie. Instead of Mar- 
supites we have the Rhizocrinus. The Ananchytes and Gal- 
erites are represented by Cidarites and Spatangi ; amongst 
star-fishes Tosia (Goniaster) has given place to Ophiocoma. 
For the chambered Cephalopods we have the modern cuttle- 
fishes, whilst the Saurians and Ganoid fishes of the Creta- 
ceous age have left no descendants in these Atlantic depths, 
their places being taken, in all probability, by the more 
familiar and much more useful codtish. 
The zoological affinities of Bathybius are not very difficult 
to understand, though the young student is apt to become 
bewildered by the growing number of classifications of the 
Protozoa that are being offered for his acceptance, and the 
multitude of new terms with which, in consequence of these 
new classifications, our journals have become loaded. The 
last of these arrangements is that of Hackel, who has 
separated the Protozoa, under the name of Protista, 
equally from plants on the one hand and from ani- 
mals on the other. He regards them as the common 
starting-point from which, in accordance with Darwinian 
ideas, both plants and animals have derived their origin. 
Without necessarily accepting this creation of a third 
organic kingdom, we may beneficially recognize Háckel's 
division of the Ameban section of the Protozoa into two 
groups, viz. : the Monera and the Protoplasta; the former 
comprehending those Amæbæ which exhibit an uniform 
granular sarcode without any trace of or differentiation into 
