

1890.] Effects of Musical Sounds on Animals. 23 
In pursuing an investigation of this kind, we would naturally 
experiment with the domesticated animals first, and of such 
animals those with which we are the most intimate. Thus the 
dog and cat are household pets; in many cases housemates from 
birth to death. Generations of these animals are born within the 
social atmosphere of the same human family, and quite likely de- 
rive or receive through heredity, as well as by individual contact 
or experience, a feeling or sense s security, protection and 
fraternity. 
While such animals may be regarded perhaps as becoming, 
though such contact, somewhat humanized, and therefore less 
adapted or satisfactory for the purposes of such experiments, on 
the other hand their familiarity with a great number of sounds 
which their untrained brethren know nothing of would seem to 
be fully an off-set, and again their familiarity with man would 
operate adversely to a feeling of fear when experimental sounds 
were being made. 
We do not know that any influence analagous to music in- 
spires the military ants in their great marches, or that the monee- 
cious snails have any occasion for love songs. But these are not 
next of kin in the scale of Nature, and we have poor relations 
nearer home who seem to be moved by the same or similar im- 
pulses with ourselves. 
By voice or sounds fully as much as by facial expression or 
gesture—movement of body or limb—the emotions are expressed 
by the human animal, and this is in great measure the case 
among the animals which follow along after or below man. The 
moods and tenses of feeling, pleasure and pain, joys and sorrows, 
are made apparent by the intonation of the voice, by the sounds 
which such conditions induce, provoke or compel. 
We speak of the sense of hearing. An inquiry of the kind 
herein suggested, relates to the sense of sounds. 
The sense of sounds among the higher animals we may assume 
to be nearly universal, and among dogs and some other animals, 
combined with memory, tends to the development of the intel- 
lectual quality, as the sense of hearing in a certain aspect is an 
intellectual rather than a physical sense. 
