
1890.] History of Garden Vegetables. 47 
Among the early botanists there exists quite a confusion in names 
between the carrot and the parsnip. The root must, however, 
have come into general use long before these records, and perhaps 
its culture started in Germany, as it seems to have been unknown 
to Ruellius™ in 1536, but is recorded by Fuchsius™ in Germany 
in 1542, who gives a figure but calls it gross zam mosen. It is fig- 
ured by Roszlin™” in 1550 under the name festnachen, and in 
1552 is recorded by Tragus™ as having a sweet root, used espec- 
ially by the poor, and better known in the kitchens than fat. 
The following is a synonymy founded on pictures and descrip- 
tions combined, all representing our long parsnip form of root, 
but some indicating the hollow crown, upon which some of the 
modern varieties are founded, especially Camerarius in 1586. 
Sisarum sativum magnum. Fuchs., 1542, 751. 
Pestnachen. Roszlin, 1550, 106. 
Pastinaca. Trag., 1552, 440. 
Pastinaca sativa. Matth., 1558, 353; 1570, 500; 1598, 548; 
Pin., 1561, 318. 
Pastinaca domestica vulgt. Lob. Obs., 1576, 407; ic. 1591, I, 709. 
De Pastinaca. Pastenay, gerlin oder moren. Pictorius, 1581, 94. 
Pastinaca domestica, Cam. Epit.,15 36,507; Cast. Dur., 1617, 837. 
Pastinaca sativa vulgi, Matthioh. Lugd., 1587, 719. 
Pastinaca latifolia sativa. Ger., 1597, 870; Dod., 1616, 680. 
Pastinaca sativa latifolia, Germanica, luteo flore. J. Bauh., 
t1661, U, PEC 27450455. 
Long parsnip of the moderns. 
In 1683 the long parsnips are figured in England as in great 
use for a delicate sweet food," are spoken of by Ray” in 1686, 
Townsend’* 1726, Mawe,” 1778, and Miller” 1807, etc. 
The round parsnip, or Panais rond of the French, is called 
Siam by Don™™ in 1834. Its roots are funnel-shaped, tapering 
very abruptly, often curving inwards, I find little of its early his- 
150 Ruellius. De Nat. Stirp., 1536. 155 Ray. Hist., 1686, 410. 
151Fuchsius. De Stirp., 1542. 156 Townsend. Seedsman, 1726, 22. 
152 . Krauterb., — 106, 157 Mawe. Gard., r 
153 Tragus. De Stirp., 158 Miller's Dict., 1807. 
1552, 
154 Worlidge. Syst. Hort., by sa w. Gent., 159Don. Gard, and Bot. Dict., 1834, 
1683, 175. IIL., 339. 
