1890.] Effects of Musical Sounds on Animals. 127 
they were at the far end of this, a nine-acre field, quite out of 
sight, the field being very uneven. They set off full trot to the 
garden wall, put their necks over, and remained so till the tune 
was finished, when they went back to graze; but as soon as it 
struck up again, they put their heads over again. This went on 
till the band left, after which they ate little all day, and were con- 
tinually lowing.” 5 
Before leaving the bovines, it may be worth noticing that the 
most definite statement, the most direct and practical testimony 
we have as to the effect of music upon members of this group 
may be found in that famous book known as “ Mother Goose’s 
Melodies.” Therein it is stated : 
“ There was a piper had a cow 
And had no hay to give her; 
He took a pipe and played a tune, 
‘Consider, Cow! Consider!’ 
“The cow considered very well, 
` And gave the piper a penny, 
And bade him play that other tune, 
‘ Corn-ricks are bonny !'” — 
It will be observed that she was a hard money cow, while the 
piper offered only notes! 
“There are many anecdotes which show that the ox, or cow, 
has a musical ear. The carts in Corunna, in Spain, make so loud 
and disagreeable a creaking sound with their wheels, for the want 
of oil, that the governor once issued an order to have them 
greased; but the carters petitioned that this might not be done, 
as the oxen liked the sound, and would not draw so well without 
their accustomed music.” 
“ Prof. Bell assures us that he has often, when a boy, tried the 
effect of the flute on cows, and has always observed that it pro- 
duced great apparent enjoyment. Instances have been known of 
the fiercest bulls being calmed into gentleness by music.” 
It will be seen that a very liberal definition must be conceded 
to the terms music and musical sounds, when the creaking of a 
