1890.] History of Garden Vegetables. 147 
improvement of the pea, and sent out several wrinkled varieties 
Up to this time the wrinkled peas do not seem to have been in 
general esteem. The Knight pea, the seed rough, uneven and 
shrivelled, the plant tall, was in American gardens in 1821,” and 
quite a list of Knight’s peas are under present cultivation. 
IV. BLACK-EYED PEAS, 
These are mentioned as of an old sort by Townsend ® in 1726, 
and are grown now under the name of Black-eyed Marrowfat. 
V. DWARF PEAS, 
These are mentioned by Tournefort® in 1700, and are referred 
by him to 1665. I find no earlier distinct reference. 
VI. HALF-DWARFS. 
These are the ordinary trailing peas as mentioned by the 
earlier botanies, as for instance the Pisum minus of Camerarius, 
1586, etc. 
VIE. TALL PEAS. 
These are the forms described by the early botanies as requir- 
ing sticking, as the Pisum majus of Camerarius, 1586 ; the Pisum 
of Fuchsius, 1542; Phasiol or faselen of Tragus, 1552, etc. 
VIII, EDIBLE-PODDED OR SUGAR PEAS. 
The pods and peas of the large climbing pea are recorded as 
eaten, as also the green pods of the trailing form, by Ruellius * 
in 1536, and this manner of eating 1s recorded by later authors. 
We now have two forms, those with straightish and those with 
contorted pods. The first of these is figured by Gerarde® in 
29 Cobbett. Am. Gard., 1821. 
30 Tournefort. Inst., 1719, 394- 
31 Ruellius. 1. c., 43 
32 Gerarde. Herb., 1597, 1045. 
Am. Nat. —February.—3. 

