pre Effects of Musical Sounds oh Animals. 241 
In reviewing the examples here brought together; thosé whcih 
relate to the effect of flute notes on sheep and pigeons are use- 
fully suggestive, as furnishing a hint; first, as to an instrument, 
and second, indicating a class of sounds worth experimenting with. 
The interest exhibited by pigs, oxen, and cows in the more 
complex musical sounds, or combinations of sounds, such as 
would be classed under the second definition, is shown hy some 
of the examples. We have no information as to the character 
of the instruments, or the tunes, or sounds. The simple fact is 
proven that these animals were attracted by instrumental music, 
and the inference is that the sensations produced were pleasurable. 
As to how far the behavior of the dogs in some of the cases 
given may be attributed to or regarded as the effect of music, or 
considered as nothing more than a manifestation of impulse or 
spontaneous activity which takes a hand in whatever is going on 
at the time; it is evident that this is a question for future deter- 
mination. 
We have all noticed the pleasure exhibited by these animals 
when the master puts on his hat and goes out for a walk, a 
drive, or a hunt. We have seen them racing with each other, 
with horses in the field, when both horses and dogs seem to 
derive pleasure from the performance, and to be acting under the 
impulse which finds birth in exuberant vitality, or simple, health- 
ful life. It would seem that the example of motion excites 
to action, and the sight of a swiftly moving railway train or a 
locomotive tempts and stimulates them to trials of speed. 
In the Lake Superior region, where I lived thirty years ago, 
in the winter season, which meant, at that time, five months’ 
isolation from the rest of mankind, the mail-bags were carried 
once a fortnight by dog-trains in charge of three or four Indians 
or half-breeds. There were generally three or four sleds, with as 
many dogs to each. The dogs were gaily. decorated with bits of 
bright-colored flannel and ribbons, and bells were added for 
sound and show. Upon arriving at the summit of a hill about 
half a mile from the centre of the camp, they halted for a breath- 
ing spell. I shall never forget the lively scenes that always fol- 
lowed these brief halts, when men and dogs started down the 
