530 The American Naturalist. [June, 
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE TESTUDINATA. 
BY GEORGE BAUR. 
BOULENGER, Döderlein, Zittel, and Lydekker have lately 
published more or less extensive works on the Testudinata. 
All these publications I have to discuss first before I shall under- 
take to give my own views on the natural arrangement of the 
oup. 
I begin with Boulenger. A general classification of the Testu- 
dinata was given by him in 1888 in the 23d volume of the gth edi- 
tion of the Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 456-457. 
The whole group was, after Dollo, divided into two sub-orders, 
I. Athece, II. Testudinata. 
The Athecz contained the single family “ Sphargide,” with 
the genera Dermochelys, Psephophorus, Protosphargis, Pro- 
tostega, Psephoderma?; the Testudinata all the other Tortoises, 
which were divided in Cryptodira, Pleurodira, and Trionychoidea. 
In the year following this classification was adopted by Boulenger 
in his catalogue of Chelonians', but the name of the second sub- 
order was changed into Zhecophora. The whole order was called 
Chelonia. 
A few months later Döderlein? published a classification of 
Testudinata. He distinguishes four sub-orders: Atheca, Triony- 
choidea, Cryptodira, Pleurodira. 
Nearly at the same time the first part of the Reptilia of Prof. 
Zittel’s “Handbuch der Palæontologie” * appeared, containing the 
Testudinata. 
Zittel accepted three sub-orders of the Testudinate ; 7rionychia, 
Cryptodira, Pleurodira. The Athecz are not accepted, but con- 
sidered a family of the Cryptodira. 
1 Boulenger, George Albert. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians and 
Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History), London, 1889, pp. 4-6. 
2 Elemente der Palzeontologie, pp. 633-634. 
3 Zittel Karl G. Handbuch der Palzontologie. Vol. III., part 3. München und 
Leipzig, 1889, pp. 513-547. 
