1891.] Recent Literature. 72 7 
referred to three categories ; first, the orders which have been mainly 
restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, and have originated there,—the 
Edentata, the Toxodonta, the Litopterna; second, cosmopolitan 
orders,—Glires, Chiroptera, Marsupialia, Perissodactyla ; third, orders 
which have come from the Northern Hemisphere at a comparatively 
later period of geologic time,—Carnivora, Proboscidia, and Artiodac- 
tyla. The further history of the origin of the truly Antarctic types 
will be awaited with the greatest interest. 
An atlas of 98 plates accompanies the text. The figures have been 
executed under the careful eye of the author, and express the characters 
referred to in the text. The great expense involved in their production 
has made it necessary to employ some phototype process, which can 
not give as good artistic effects as lithography. 
We congratulate M. Ameghino on the completion of this great work. 
We also congratulate the country which has produced it. It is works 
of this character which give a nation its intellectual standing in the 
world. Henceforth Argentina will be known to science as a country 
which has added one of the largest and most important contributions 
to its temple of life.—E. D. COPE 
Furbringer’s Researches on the Morphology and Sys- 
tematic of Birds.2—This is a work of great thoroughness in 
the field which it covers. It is divided into two parts, each included 
in a volume; the first describing the anterior limb and shoulder 
girdle, and the second being a comprehensive review of the characters 
and systematic relations of birds. In the first-volume the osteology, 
myology, and neurology are thoroughly described, and the illustra- 
tions cover the plates at the end of the second volume. The charac- 
ters of many species are for the first time described and figured. In 
the second volume the work already done in bird anatomy is reviewed, 
both zoology and paleontology being thoroughly examined. The sys- 
tematic results are set forth in tables. In one of these the structural 
characters are tabulated. In another the divisions down to families 
inclusive are displayed. We give this table, exclusive of the families, 
as exhibiting conciscly the author’s views. Two phylogenetic trees 
follow. On three succeeding plates three horizontal sections of these 
trees are given, which display the affinities of higher and lower forms 
in an expressive manner. 
2 Untersuchungen zur Morphologie u. Systematic der Voegel; Zugl. ein Beitr. zur 
Anatomie der Stütz tind Bewegungsorganen ; von Max Fiirbringer. Amsterdam Zj. von 
Halkem: ema, 1888 ; ‘2 vols. folio, pp. 1751. 

