
806 The American Naturalist. [September, 
Rapa, La Rave. Tourn., 1719, 113. 
Navet de Briollay. Vilm., 1883, 372. 
Briollay turnip. Vilm., 1885, 591. 
This representation by no means embraces all the turnips now 
known, as it deals with form only, and not with color and habits. 
In 1828 thirteen kinds were in Thorburn’s American seed cata- 
logue, and in 1887 thirty-three kinds. In‘ France, twelve kinds 
were named by Pirolle in 1824, and by Petit in 1826. In 1887 
Vilmorin’s wholesale seed-list enumerates thirty-one kinds. 
The turnip is believed to have reached England from Holland 
in 1550,” but before this it had reached the New World. In 
1540 Cartier ® sowed turnip seed at the present Montreal, in 
Canada. In 1609” turnips are mentioned in Virginia, as also in 
1649;* they are mentioned as cultivated in Massachusetts in 
1629.” In Peru they are said by Acosta, in 1604, to have 
increased so abundantly as to become a nuisance in the planting 
of grain. 
The turnip is called in France, navet, gros navet, grosse rave, 
naveau, navet turnips, rabiole, rabtoule, rave plate, tornep, turneps, 
turnip; in Germany, herbst-rube, stoppel-rube ; in Flanders and 
Holland, raap ; in Denmark, rõæ,; in Italy, navone, rapa; in 
Spain and Portugal, wado;** in Arabic, 4,” /uft; in Bengali, 
shalgram ; in Persia, shalgram ; in Sindh, gokhru ;* in Japan, 
buset, aona (the round form). 
78 Booth. Treas. of Bot 
29 Cartier. Third Voy., Pinkectoh Voy., XII., 667. 
80 A True Decl. of Va., 1610, 13. 
31 A Perfect Desc. of Va., 1649, 
Higginson. Mass, Hist. Soc. Col, 1st Ser., I., 118. 
33 Acosta. Hist., 1604, 261. 
34 Vilmorin. Les = Pot , 1883, 357. 
35 Delile. Fl. Æg. 
86 Birdwood. Veg. Fa of Bomb., 137. 
31 Thunberg. Jap., 375. 


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